1. An agency of the Government of Ontario Population Characteristics, PSE Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes in Ontario Presentation to CUPA June 23, 2009

2. Framework Immigrant Population Under-represented groups: First/Second generation Aboriginals Francophone Visible minorities People with disabilities Demographic Characteristics: Gender Age Mother Tongue PSE SectionHuman CapitalLabour Market Highest educational attainment Field of study Location of study Accessibility Participation System design Educational Quality Accountability Retention / Dropout Labour force activity (employed/ unemployed) Work activity (full- time/part-time) Occupation Income Non-immigrant Population

3. Data from 2006 census Population characteristics Age, gender, immigration status, Aboriginal identity, etc Highest educational attainment Location of study Field of study Labour force activity Work activity Occupations Employment income For Canada and Ontario Cross-tab possibilities daunting!

4. Objective for today Illustrate HEQCO work with some preliminary data for Aboriginals and immigrants Profiles for highest educational attainment Educational attainment is a proxy for human capital If significant differences, suggests further work on determinants of PSE participation and retention decisions Profiles of employment income by educational credential Income is a proxy for productivity of human capital If significant differences, need to examine why these vary among population groups

6. Benchmarks Compare each group to rest of Ontario population Compare relative situation for each group in Ontario to that for counterparts in rest of Canada (ROC)

7. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: ABORIGINALS

8. Aboriginals in Ontario are more likely than non-Aboriginals to report less than high school as highest educational attainment, and less likely to report PSE Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population aged 20-64

9. Although the profile is less skewed in Ontario than in ROC Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, population aged 20-64

10. Aboriginals in Ontario are more likely than non-Aboriginals to report trades (especially) and apprenticeship as highest educational attainment Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population aged 20-64

11. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios are higher in Ontario than in ROC, especially for trades Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population aged 20-64

12. Aboriginals in Ontario more likely than non-Aboriginals to report college as highest educational attainment for shorter programs and less like for longer ones Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of college diplomas, Ontario, population aged 20-64

13. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginals ratios for college are higher in Ontario than in ROC, especially for longer programs Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of college diplomas, population aged 20- 64

14. Aboriginals in Ontario are significantly less likely than non- Aboriginals to report university as highest educational attainment Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of university degrees, Ontario, population aged 20-64

15. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios in Ontario for university reflect those in ROC, although they are higher for more advanced credentials Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of university degrees, population aged 20-64

16. AVERAGE INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT: ABORIGINALS

17. Aboriginals in Ontario have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals, particularly those with PSE credentials Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

18. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios in Ontario are similar to those in ROC, except for PSE where relative average earnings are lower Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, population with employment income aged over 15

19. Aboriginals in Ontario with trades and apprenticeship credentials have lower average income from employment than non- Aboriginals Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

20. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratio for trades is lower in Ontario than in ROC, but is similar for apprenticeships Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population with employment income aged over 15

21. Aboriginals in Ontario with college credentials have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

22. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratio for short college programs in Ontario is higher than in ROC but lower for longer programs Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, population with employment income aged over 15

23. Aboriginals in Ontario with university credentials have lower average income from employment than non-Aboriginals Aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for university degrees, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

24. The Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal ratios for university are lower in Ontario than in ROC for all but doctorates Ontario/ROC ratio of aboriginal/non-aboriginal ratio of average employment income for university degrees, population with employment income aged over 15

25. Summary of highest educational attainment and relative earnings for Aboriginals (ratios compared to 1) Credential TypeHighest Educational AttainmentRelative Earnings Aboriginals/non- Aboriginals Ontario/ROC of Aboriginals/non- Aboriginals Aboriginals/non- Aboriginals Ontario/ROC of Aboriginals/non- Aboriginals Less than high school ><<≈ High school ≈≈<≈ Trades certificate >><< Registered apprenticeship ≈><≈ Total College ≈><≈ Total University <≈<≈

26. For further investigation Aboriginal relative to non-Aboriginal educational attainment in Ontario reflects or even exceeds that in ROC Aboriginal relative to non-Aboriginal average income from employment in Ontario for college and university credentials generally lags that in ROC Next steps are to explore differences by further disaggregation of data Age, gender, geography, etc Fields of study, occupation, employment status, etc

27. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: IMMIGRANTS

28. Immigrants in Ontario are more likely than non-immigrants to report less than high school as highest educational attainment, and somewhat more likely to report PSE credentials Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population aged 20-64

29. The immigrant/non-immigrant ratio for less-than-high-school is higher in Ontario than ROC and similar in other categories Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE credentials, population aged 20-64

30. Immigrants in Ontario are less likely than non-immigrants to report trades and apprenticeship as highest educational attainment Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population aged 20-64

31. The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for trades and apprenticeships are higher in Ontario than ROC Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population aged 20-64

32. Immigrants in Ontario are much less likely than non-immigrants to report college as highest educational for shorter programs and nearly equal likely for longer ones Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of college diplomas, Ontario, population aged 20-64

33. The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for college are lower in Ontario than ROC for shorter programs and similar for longer ones Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of college diplomas, population aged 20-64

34. Immigrants in Ontario are more likely than non-immigrants to report university as highest educational attainment, especially in advanced degrees Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of university degrees, Ontario, population aged 20-64

35. The immigrant/non-immigrant ratios for university are lower in Ontario than in ROC for all credentials Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of university degrees, population aged 20-64

36. AVERAGE INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT: IMMIGRANTS

37. Immigrants in Ontario with less than high school earn more average income from employment than non-immigrants, while the opposite is true for high school and PSE graduates Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

38. The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for no PSE are higher in Ontario than ROC and lower for PSE Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for less than high school certificate, high school certificate and total PSE, population with employment income aged over 15

39. Immigrants in Ontario with trade and apprenticeship credentials earn less average income from employment than non- immigrants Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

40. The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for trades and apprenticeship in Ontario are similar to those in ROC Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for trades certificate and registered apprenticeship, population with employment income aged over 15

41. Immigrants in Ontario with college credentials earn less average income from employment than non-immigrants and this ratio decreases as program length increases Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

42. The immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for college in Ontario are similar to those in ROC Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for college diplomas, population with employment income aged over 15

43. Immigrants in Ontario with university credentials earn significantly less average income from employment than non-immigrants Immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for university degrees, Ontario, population with employment income aged over 15

44. With one exception, the immigrant/non-immigrant average income ratios for university in Ontario are lower than ROC Ontario/ROC ratio of immigrant/non-immigrant ratio of average employment income for university degrees, population with employment income aged over 15

45. Summary of highest educational attainment and relative earnings for immigrants (ratios compared to 1) Credential TypeHighest Educational AttainmentRelative Earnings Immigrants/non- immigrants Ontario/ROC of immigrants/non- immigrants Immigrants/non- immigrants Ontario/ROC of immigrants/non- immigrants Less than high school ≈>>> High school <≈<> Trades certificate <><≈ Registered apprenticeship <><≈ Total College <<<≈ Total University ><<<

46. For further investigation Immigrant relative to non-immigrant educational attainment in Ontario falls short of that in ROC Immigrant relative to non-immigrant average earnings from employment in Ontario are lower than in ROC for longer college programs and for all but one university credential Next steps are to explore differences by further disaggregation of data Age, gender, geography, etc location of study, field of study, occupation, employment status, etc

47. Thank you