1. Ocean Formation How did the oceans form??

2. Formation of the Ocean Earth is approximately 4.6 Billion Years Old Oceans formed 2 possible ways: –Comets –Volcanism

3. Comets Comets hit the Earth and released water The water filled the ocean basins over geologic time

4. Volcanism Volcanoes release Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide and other gases Water vapor condensed to form water droplets that formed the oceans

5. Chemical Properties of Seawater 96.5% Water 3.5% Dissolved salts –NaCl is most abundant

6. Salinity –Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater –Expressed in ppt (Parts per thousand) 35 ppt

7. How Does the Water Become Salty??? Volcanic gases contain chlorine and sulfur dioxide which dissolve into water Weathering of rocks and minerals

8. Salt Removal Sea Spray Evaporate Formation –Water evaporates and salt is left behind

9. Desalinization Processes that turns saltwater into freshwater Distillation –Water heated and evaporated –Water vapor cooled and condensed as freshwater

10. Reverse Osmosis –Seawater pressed through semi permeable membrane that allows water, not NaCl to pass through

11. Why would we want to remove salt? Humans need freshwater to survive Of the 3% of freshwater, most is unavailable to us! (glaciers) In case of drought conditions, water would still be available

12. Negative Effects Environmental concerns –Loss of habitat, waste (salt) disposal Costs Money and uses Energy Greenhouse gas emissions