1. Enhancing Link Duration and Path Stability of Routing Protocols in VANETs Presented by: Sanjay Kumar, Haresh Kumar and Zahid Yousuf Supervised by: Dr. Nadeem Javaid 1

2. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 2

3. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 3

4. Introduction Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is the subset or special case of MANET No any fixed infrastructure is required Nodes are vehicles with high mobility Routing is done on the basis of routing protocols 4

5. cont… Routing Protocols o Ah-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) o Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) o Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) o Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) o Fish-eye State Routing (FSR) o Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) 5

6. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 6

7. Link Duration and Path Stability We have analyzed and modeled the performance parameters; o PDR o AE2Ed o NRO Modification in default parameters of selected routing protocols to increase the efficiency of these protocols; o DSDV o DYMO o OLSR 7

8. Link Duration and Path Stability Four different cases of finding link duration o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with acute angle, while other with obtuse angle 8

9. Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle 9

10. 10 Both vehicles are moving with acute angle One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle

11. 11 One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle

12. Simulations and Discussions PDR v/s Scalability 12

13. Cont… Bar charts of PDR 13

14. Cont… AE2ED v/s Scalability 14

15. Cont… Bar charts of AE2ED 15

16. Cont… NRO v/s Scalability 16

17. Cont… Bar charts of NRO 17

18. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 18

19. Link Availability Probability To find link availability probability, direction and relative velocity between nodes is taken into account Nodes can communicate only when There are four cases of direction and velocity o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and opposite direction o Different velocity and opposite direction 19

20. Cont… 20

21. Same velocity and same direction 21

22. 22 Different velocity and same direction

23. 23 Same velocity and Opposite direction

24. 24 Different velocity and Opposite direction

25. 25

26. Simulations and Discussions PDR v/s Scalability 26

27. Cont… AE2ED v/s Scalability 27

28. Cont… NRO v/s Scalability 28

29. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 29

30. 2 k 2 k Factorial Analysis Determines the most representative factors, affecting the performance of VANETs Finds the independencies and relationship between these factors To analyze the impact of two factors; the routing protocols (Factor A) and vehicles density (Factor B) in the performance parameters (PDR, AE2ED and NRL) are taken into account 30

31. 2 k 2 k Factorial Analysis 31

32. 2 k 2 k Factorial Analysis 32

33. Calculating Effects of factors through variation 33

34. Observed Results 34

35. Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters 35 Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) Average End-to-End Delay (AE2ED) Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO)

36. PDR (Node Density) 36

37. PDR (Connections) 37

38. AE2ED (Node Density) 38

39. AE2ED (Connections) 39

40. NRO (Node Density) 40

41. NRO (Connections) 41

42. Outline Introduction Link Duration and Path Stability o Both vehicles are moving with obtuse angle o Both vehicles are moving with acute angle o One vehicle is moving with obtuse angle, while other with acute angle o Simulations and Discussions Link Availability Probability o Same velocity and same direction o Different velocity and same direction o Same velocity and Opposite direction o Different velocity and Opposite direction o Simulations and Discussions 2 k Factorial Analysis o 2 k Factorial Analysis o Calculating Effects of factors through variation o Observed Results o Simulations and Discussions o Protocols Efficiency against Performance Parameters Conclusion 42

43. Conclusion Performance of Routing protocol is discussed on the basis of performance parameters PDR, E2ED, and NRO. DSR, MOD-DSR.DYMO and MOD-DYMO performs better in over all six protocols discussed. 43

44. 44 Thank You