1. Tutorial 6: Bin type walls with tierod Deep Excavation LLC DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 1

2. DeepEX is a software program for braced excavations in soils with 2D limit-equilibrium and non-linear analysis methods, and structural verification of all elements (with AISC, ASD, Eurocodes). It offers the ability to analyze walls with multiple braces (tiebacks) in multilayered soils. The non-linear analysis considers elastoplastic behavior for the whole soil-wall-support system. The program also offers the ability to perform traditional limit-equilibrium analyses. The graphical interface is completely interactive and the input is simplified to a great extend. The program utilizes archives of wall types, structural and soil materials, ground anchors etc. The analysis can be performed in either an utlimate state or at a service state (allowable design, LRFD, or Eurocode 7 design approach methods). The program offers the ability to automatically set all critical settings according to the desired design methodology. Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009 INTRODUCTION DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course2

3. Program layout Wall selection Project tree view Design section list (right click) General input tabs File menu (click) Model stages (right click options similar to excel) Command prompt (enter coordinates) Press to perform calculations. Instruction box Model space (left or right click on any item) Mouse is over item Units DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 3D Model (Frames) View and other

4. Enter basic project information 1. Select this button 2. Define the project name etc. 3. Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

5. Move model elevations 1. Select this button 2. Set new reference elevation to 100 ft 3. Check All boreholes (this moves all soil layers) 4. Press OK

6. 1. Add a 2 nd wall 2. Double click on right wall 3. Change dimensions 3.1 Change xwall= 60ft Depth L= 45ft

7. Define basic model limits (top, bottom, left, right) 1. Select this button 2. Set Top= 130ft Bottom= 40ft Left= -60ft Right= 120ft 3. Press OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

8. Modify soil types (database of soils) 1. Select this button. Or Expand the Soils Tree and Double click on F Options: Right click or press Delete Note: In DeepEX you can use any soil type in more than one borehole. For example the F soil can be used in boring 1 or boring 2 etc. You can use any Boring on any design section. Thus changing any property of the F soil will affect all the excavation Design Sections where F is used! Boring with F soil

9. Soil type data form Available soil types Add new, copy, delete, paste soil Density Strength Short soil name, description and color. Soil type & initial clay behavior Test data for estimating soil properties DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

10. Soil type continued Soil properties: General Soil name: F (this appears in the boring) Description: Detailed soil description. Soil type: Sand  t = 125 kcf : Total unit weight  dry = 120 kcf : Dry unit weight (above water table) c‘= 0 : Effective cohesion  ’= 30 degrees : Effective friction angle v= 0.35 Poisson’s ratio Kx = Horizontal permeability Kz = Vertical permeability Parameters only for clays Su = Undrained shear strength  cv= Constant volume shearing angle  peak= Peak shearing angle DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

11. Soil properties (Resistance and Elastic) KoNC = At rest lateral earth pressure coefficient for normally consolidated state. Enter elasticity values as shown before. Click on > buttons for more options. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

12. Soil S1 Soil properties: Change S1 A. General Soil name: S1 (this appears in the boring) Description: Sand Detailed soil description. Soil type: Sand  t =125 pcf : Total unit weight  dry = 120 pcf: Dry unit c‘ 0: Effective cohesion  ’ = 36 degrees : Effective friction angle V = 0.35 Poisson’s ratio C. Elasto-plastic E = 500 ksf rEur = 3 D. Bond Ultimate bond = 30 psi Press OK

13. Edit Borings (soil layers) To edit the soil layers double click on the model boring. The borings can also be edited from: a) Edit Borings Button. Or from the: b)Tree View – Stratigraphy – boreholes Double click here (or right click) with the mouse. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

14. Enter Soil Layers To edit the soil layers click on the blue button and enter the top of layer elevation. For this example type 90 here: Then select soil type S1 here: DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course Press OK

15. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

16. Double click on wall DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

17. 2. Select edit section data, to change wall properties 1. Change wall depth to 45ft DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course Number of nodes controls the divisions along the wall in a limit- equilibrium analysis. (Suggested 200 min, or set so that small intervals (0.25 ft) are generated)

18. Change wall section AZ 19 sheet pile 1. Change wall type 2. Select AZ-19 section 3. Select A50 steel (fy= 50 ksi) 4. Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

19. Wall using AZ-19 wall section Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

20. Add a new stage (Model Tab) Or right click (to add a stage, similar to Excel) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

21. Stage 1 change external elevations to El. 90 Stage 1 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

22. Add Stage 2: Add a strut at El. +92 Right click and add stage 2 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

23. Select tool to add a tieback Note: After selecting the “Draw ground anchor button” the program tells you to select/enter the 1 st tieback point at the wall (x z) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

24. Add tieback with mouse 1. Select 1 st point on left wall (we will modify the coordinates later) 2. Select 2 nd point on right wall when wall highlights

25. Edit tieback properties (support options) 1. Change dimensions z= 92 ft (elevation) Horizontal spacing to 5ft (length is determined by program) Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

26. Edit tierod section to #18 bar – 80ksi Select solid bar Change grade to 80 Select #18 bar Specify one bar per tierod Dfix does not play a role

27. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

28. Add a surcharge on the center surface. Select this tool button. DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

29. Add surcharge with mouse 2. Select 2 nd point 1. Select 1 nd point on left DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

30. Modify surcharge 1.Change coordinates X1= -22 X2= -2 2.Change surcharge qz1= 0.6 ksf qz2= 0.6 ksf Point 1 is on the left side Point 2 is on the right side 3. Select OK DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course Wall index refers to which wall the load is applied: 0 = left wall, 1= right wall, -1 all walls

31. Add stage 3: Excavate to El. 80ft left and right side Right click and add stage 3 DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

32. On stage 3: Go to Analysis tab 1.Change analysis mode to “Limit Equilibrium and Beam Elastoplastic Foundations” DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course In this mode, DeepEX first performs a limit-equilibrium analysis and stores the conventional wall embedment safety factors. Then, DeepEX runs the elastoplastic solution (non-linear) and stores wall moments, shears, displacements and other parameters from the non-linear analysis.

33. No wall friction to be used Wall friction (wall to soil) is ignored because walls are not expected to experience vertical movement (Analysis tab)

34. Select US structural codes (Design Tab) 1. Select US allowable settings from Design tab DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

35. 1.Concrete code and Steel Code (1.6 is safety on Ultimate cap) 2.Clay behavior 3.Water pressure analysis 4.Driving pressures Ka = Active without wall friction 5.Resisting pressures Kp/1.5 = Passive divided by 1.5 6.Table displays assumptions for both limit-equilibrium and non- linear analysis Review Assumptions (Yellow table Stage 2) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

36. Analyze the model (current design section) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course Analyzes all design sections

37. Summary table (all Design sections) DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

38. Summary table (Selected design section all stages) Note: You may select another design section or another wall (when a 2 nd wall is used) Press EXIT DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

39. Results Tab (for viewing results on model screen) Wall embedment and other safety factors Wall moment, shear, axial, displacement. Support reaction R. Display wall capacity (moment and shear), Stress ratios (ratios <1 OK) Display stresses and pressures on walls. Display soil mass stresses (when water flownet analysis is performed) Click on Min-Max to display min and max values. Show ENV= Show result envelope (this design section) Tables and diagrams DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course

40. Results on model