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Published byNorma Barton Modified over 9 years ago
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Groups and Organizations
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Types of Groups n Primary n Secondary n Reference n Ingroup n Outgroup
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Primary groups n Small, personal, intimate –The family n Socialization n Social identity n Provides comfort and security
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Secondary groups n E.g. Microsoft n Large, impersonal, formal n Weak emotional ties n Short duration n Lawsuits increase with increasing secondary ties
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Reference group n Point of reference in making evaluations and decisions n Family n Friends n Gang n Professors
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Ingroups and outgroups n Ingroups n Outgroups –A social group toward which we feel competition or opposition –Lead to unfairly negative views of outgroups
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General leadership styles n Instrumental –Completing tasks n Expressive –Collective well-being
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Leadership decision making styles n Authoritarian n Democratic –Collective decisions on egalitarian basis n Laissez-faire –Downplays position of power
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Solomon Asch Experiment n Comparison of lines n People will compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different
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Milgram’s experiment of authority n People follow both legitimate authority and ordinary individuals
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Formal organizations n Normative organizations –Voluntary organizations - Red Cross n Coercive organizations –Involuntary commitment –Prison or mental hospital n Utilitarian organization –Company - Material benefits (money)
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Changes in organizations n Creative autonomy n Competitive work teams n Flatter organization
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