1. Alan Dorsinville, Reading High School Natalie Gibbs, Reading High School

2.  Introduction  The Problem and our solution  Background Information  The purpose of μPAD’s  Materials  Procedure  Science Concepts  Results  Team F(Floral Experiment)  Conclusion/Discussion  Further Research  Acknowledgements

3.  The cost of health care is an issue in America  Testing requires  Time  Money  Insurance  Technical Experience  Etc All of which is inconvenient  Developing Countries

4.  Micro fluidic paper-based assay devices (μPAD)  A paper diagnostic test  Paper-based devices are  Inexpensive  Quick  Easy to use  Require a small volume of liquid  Lack the use of advanced equipment  Effective and accurate

5. Your body has many substances including proteins and glucose Glucose provides energy for your body an all of your movements Glucose ConcentrationDisease 0-0.8mMNormal Above 0.8mMImpaired kidney and/or diabetes

6. Proteins are important for growth, tissue repair, and many other bodily functions

7.  Our purpose is to show we can quantify diagnostic results using a cheap paper device  Our chips are designed to detect glucose and protein in our substances

8.  Intermolecular forces  Capillary action  Allows us to direct small amounts of liquid to testing wells

9.  CleWin  Chromatography paper( Whatman)  Printer  Scales, beakers, pipettes  Various chemicals  Infrared Gun  Hot Plate  Scanner  Adobe Photoshop

10. Part One: Planning  CleWin is a computer program made to design our chips

11.  Step 1: Printing  The pattern is outlined with wax when printed  Step 2: Place the chips on a hot plate at 150°C  Allows wax to seep through

12.  This project requires making both a protein and glucose reagent  A chemical reagent is a substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances

13.  Buffer (pH=6.0)  0.2 M NaH2PO4  0.2 M Na2HPO4  0.3 M Trehalose  0.6 M KI  30 units/mL HRP  120 units/mL GO

14. Glucose + Glucose oxidase Gluconic acid + Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) H 2 O 2 H 2 O + ½ O 2 I - ½ I 2 HR Peroxidase Brown color

15.  Part 1:  0.25 M Citric acid (pH 1.8 buffer)  184 μL H2O, 16 μL EtOH  Part 2:  9 mM TBPB  10 μL H2O, 190 μL EtOH  Protein Mechanism TBPB + protein = Blue color

16.  Apply 0.2 μL of reagents using a micropipette. Must wait ten minutes  Part Five: Test One

17.  We made a new design for our second chip on CleWin, printed them, and reapplied the chemical reagents, etc.

18.  The chips are a urine analysis test so we made an artificial urine sample  We made several concentrations glucose and proteins to test

19.  We performed eight tests for each of the eleven different concentrations of glucose and protein  After 30 minutes, the chips were scanned into the computer

23.  Team F’s research is focused on the relationship between pollinators and nectar

24.  We made adjustments to our second chip to create a more effective test  We were not able to quantify, but still proved the chips had the potential to quantify different detectable substances  We were able to rank the glucose concentration of Team F’s nectar solutions

25.  The μPAD’s serve the same purpose as other urine tests  Scientists are trying to find ways of detecting more diseases with the paper-based analytical device

26. We would like to thank:  Dr. Scott Phillips  SeeCos Faculty  Chris Daly  Ms. Jody Markley  Mr. Derek James  Ms. Jean Marie Donnelly  UBMS Staff