1. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 1 Masashi Hazumi (KEK) for the Belle collaboration Present and Future of KEK B factory -- Unitarity Triangle and beyond -- Masashi Hazumi (KEK) for the Belle collaboration

2. 2                   Belle Collaboration        Aomori U. BINP Chiba U. Chuo U. U. of Cincinnati Frankfurt U. Gyeongsang Nat’l U. Hiroshima Tech. IHEP, Beijing ITEP Kanagawa U. KEK Korea U. Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys. Kyoto U. Kyungpook National U. U. of Lausanne Jozef Stefan Inst. U. of Maribor U. of Melbourne Nagoya U. Nara Women’s U. National Central U. Nat’l Kaoshiung Normal U. Nat’l Lien-Ho Inst. of Tech. Nat’l Taiwan U. Nihon Dental College Niigata U. Osaka U. Osaka City U. Panjab U. Peking U. Princeton U. Riken Saga U. USTC Seoul National U. Sungkyunkwan U. U. of Sydney Tata Institute Toho U. Tohoku U. Tohuku Gakuin U. U. of Tokyo Tokyo Inst. of Tech. Tokyo Metropolitan U. Tokyo U. of A and T. Toyama Nat’l College U. of Tsukuba Utkal U. IHEP, Vienna VPI Yokkaichi U. Yonsei U. ~300 collaborators from >10 countries

3. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 3 KEK B factory at present

4. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 4 Time-dependent CP violation CP-violating quantum interference seen as sine modulation in exponential decay (Bigi-Carter-Sanda 1981)  Large O(1) CP violation  hadronic uncertainty very small (~1% or less) ! e-e- e+e+ e - :8.0 GeV e + :3.5 GeV B CP DzDz B tag ¡(4S) bg ~ 0.425 CP eigenstate Dz  cbgt B ~ 200 mm Flavor tag t z cbg D D ＝ Principle of the measurement  high-luminosity e+e  collider with asymmetric beam energy (~10 8 B mesons)  precise position measurement of B-meson decay vertices (  z resolution~100  m seemingly a crazy idea in 1980s  2 B factories (KEK, SLAC) in operation since 1999

5. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 5 The KEKB Collider KEKB Collider design luminosity (10  10 33 cm -2 s -1 ) achieved in May 03 e  energy, current:8.0GeV, 1.1A e+ energy, current:3.5GeV, 1.5A peak luminosity:10.567  10 33 cm -2 s -1 Integrated luminosity:579pb -1 /day 12.8fb -1 /month at 10  10 33 cm -2 s -1 ~10  (4S)/sec _  ~5 B 0 B 0 pairs/sec  ~5 B + B  pairs/sec peak luminosity history (1999-2003) parameters (achieved) World records !

6. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 6 Integrated luminosity: 1999 - 2003 KEKB PEP-II Most of results shown today based on data by July 2002 BaBar81fb-1 ( ~88 million B pairs) Belle78fb-1 ( ~85 million B pairs) ~10 8 neutral B mesons at 100fb -1 159fb -1 logged by Belle (July 1, 2003; on + off resonance) The full data set being analyzed now. Announcement of new results in the new future.

7. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 7 The Belle detector A big “digital camera” that we use to take ~10 8 beautiful pictures/year. O(1) ps like in a horse race.. position info.  time difference Belle detector Silicon Vertex Detector Drift Chamber Time-of-Flight Aerogel Cherenkov CsI calorimeter K L and  detector an example

8. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 8 Physics at Belle Physics goals: Test Kobayashi-Maskawa model of CP (overconstrain the Unitariry Triangle) Search for new physics in various rare decays And many more ! Five physics groups Indirect CP Direct CP & rare B decay  &  CKM (Vub,Vcb) charm Birthname and Nickname  1   2   3  B 0  J/  K S(L),  (2S) K S,  c1 K S,  c K S B0  +B0  + b  ul with several approaches _ BB mixing (  m d ) More will come in the near future. b  cl Belle’s Contributions to Unitarity Triangle as of now

9. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 9 sin2  1 (sin2  ) sin2  1 = 0.719  0.074  0.035 PRD 66, 071102 (2002)

10. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 10 B 0   +   and  2 (  ) PRD68, 012001 (2003) ( A, S )=(0, 0) excluded at 3.4  5-50 Large asymmetry 22  (strong phase diff.) first constraint on  2 78  <  2 < 152  (95.5% C.L.) |P/T|=0.45 Tree Penguin ~ A (direct CP violation) can be large

11. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 11 The difference is at 2.2  level. A  and S  : Belle and BaBar

12. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 12 Vub: new results this week (EPS03) ! 3.97 Several approaches with different systematics _ BB  (X u l ) (D*l ) use kinematical constraints on X u 1) D*l tag data signal 1) 3) b  ul endpoint 3) 2) 2) b  ul in selected m X -q 2 region

13. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 13 Constraints on Unitarity Triangle Beautiful agreement Strong support for KM model of CP violation (new Vub results not included)

14. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 14 Rare decay: Inclusive/exclusive B  Xsl + l  Access to Wilson coefficients C 9, C 10 First observation !

15. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 15 Major achievements so far Observation of CP violation in B meson system [PRL87, 091802 (2001)] Large CP violation ! sin2  1 with B 0  J/  Ks etc. CP is NOT an approximate symmetry anymore Evidence for CP violation in B 0   +   [PRD68, 012001 (2003)] Access to the 2 nd angle of the Unitarity Triangle  2 (  ); consistent with SM Observation of EW-penguin process Exclusive process B  K l + l  [PRL88, 052002 (2002)] Inclusive process B  Xs l + l  [PRL90, 021801 (2003)] Access to Wilson coefficients C 9, C 10 ; Branching ratios consistent with SM Many other first observations and more precise measurements Vub, Vcb,  m d etc. 63 papers in total as of July 17, 2003

16. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 16 KEK B factory in the future

17. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 17 KEK B factory upgrade strategy Present KEKB L=10 34 2002030405080706091011 L=2x10 35 L~10 36 ∫Ldt =350fb -1 I LER =1.5A I LER =9.4A I LER =20A Constraint:  8GeV x 3.5GeV  wall plug pwr.<100MW  crossing angle<30mrad L=2x10 34 I LER =1.5A Crab crossing One year shutdown to:  install ante chamber  increase RF  modify IR Increase RF

18. 18 Beam-beam simulation of crab crossing Target luminosity : 10 35 ~ 10 36 cm -2 s -1 Number of bunches : 5000 Beam current : I(HER) = (3.5 GeV/8 GeV) x I(LER) Weak-strong simulation  x = 0 mrad  x = 15 mrad x = 0.5156 x = 0.5256 x = 0.5356 x = 0.549 x = 0.5156 K. Ohmi et al. 10 36 10 35 20 A Crab crossing is powerful scheme to achieve higher luminosity. crab crossing LER beam current Luminosity

19. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 19 Detector upgrade  / K L detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe Tracking + dE/dx small cell + He/C 2 H 5 CsI(Tl) 16X 0 Aerogel Cherenkov counter + TOF counter Si vtx. det. 3 lyr. DSSD SC solenoid 1.5T 8GeV e  3.5GeV e   2 pixel lyrs. + 4 lyr. DSSD  tile scintillator  pure CsI (endcap)  remove inner lyrs.  “TOP” + RICH New readout and computing systems

20. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 20 Motivation for much higher luminosity: I More precise determination of the Unitarity Triangle –Observables insensitive to new physics (  1, Vub,  3 with tree diagrams) are required as the SM references in searching for new physics –Clean e + e  environment provides unique measurements isospin analysis (  2 )  3 in several ways (with B  DK etc.) Vub with “mono-B” (full-reconstruction) technique –Above methods have small theoretical uncertainties 300fb -1 3000fb -1 _  plane

21. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 21 mono-B approach Υ(4S) e- (8GeV)e+(3.5Gev) B B  Interesting decays B → ul B →  B → D  etc full tagging Unique at  (4S) Need large statistics @78fb -1

22. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 22 V ub measurement Exclusive SL decay with mono-B (semileptonic tagging) Statistical error (q 2 >15GeV 2 ) < 5% @ 3000fb -1 Systematic error under study Form factor from Lattice QCD ! Precision with unquenced calculation ? Inclusive SL decay with mono-B (full reconstruction) Statistical error < 3% @ 3000fb -1 Systematic error under study Target:  |Vub/Vcb| < 5%

23. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 23 Motivation for much higher luminosity: II Search for a 2 nd source of CP violation –Many CP-violating phases in models beyond the SM –A big discovery, as it is a clear manifestation of new physics –Impact on baryogenesis (KM phase is not enough) Example: b  s transition CP violation “same” as J /  Ks in the SM Penguin~O ( 2 ), Tree~O( 4 )  f S (  sin2  1 in the SM) 2.7  deviation from the SM triggered many speculations. Need more data ! Very “natural” place for new physics to appear _b_b _ss_s_ss_s

24. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 24 Expected confidence regions: I 3000fb -1 (3ab -1 ): achievable with L =10 35 cm -2 s -1 ) B0  KSB0  KS B0  ’KSB0  ’KS (sin2  1, 0) 1  significance 5  significance ~  f S A

25. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 25 Expected confidence regions: II 30000fb -1 (30ab -1 ): achievable with L =10 36 cm -2 s -1 ) B0  KSB0  KS B0  ’KSB0  ’KS 1  significance 5  significance ~ (sin2  1, 0)  f S A deviation of ~0.1 can be detected with 5  significance !

26. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 26 sin2  1 = top-quark physics ! This will remain true when a new elementary particle is found at a future energy frontier (e.g. LHC). e.g. SUSY off-diagonal couplings, phase at a “super” B factory Top-quark physics Direct production, Mass, width etc.  CDF/D0 Off-diagonal couplings, phase  BaBar/Belle Phase in Vtd is the source of CP violation

27. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 27 Motivation for much higher luminosity: III Other new physics effects in loop/box diagrams Example)   

28. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 28 Motivation for much higher luminosity: IV Restrict (or even identify) new physics models –by restricting couplings and phase of new particles with mass ~ 1TeV, which can be found at the energy frontier –need to check a pattern of several theoretically/experimentally clean observables (Unitarity Triangle is a part of this game) Similar to DNA identification

29. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 29 Exploring SUSY breaking mechanism Representative SUSY models (4 different cases) mSUGRA SUSY-SU(5) with R (degenerate mass matrix) SUSY-SU(5) with R (non-degenerate mass matrix) MSSM with U(2) flavor symmetry Goto,Okada,Shimizu,Shindou,Tanaka PRD66, 035009 (2003) hep-ph/0306093 gluino mass S(  Ks)

30. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 30 Difference in the pattern of deviation from SM Bd- unitarity    m(Bs)B->  KsB->Ms  indirect CP b->s  direct CP mSUGRA -----+ SU(5)SUSY GUT + R (degenerate) -++-+- SU(5)SUSY GUT + R (non-degenerate) --+++ + U(2) Flavor symmetry +++++ Unitarity triangleRare decay Lattice QCD will play an essential role ! - : small deviation +: sizable ++: large

31. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 31 Summary Progress expected in the next few years (  ~350fb -1 ) on –the 2 nd and 3 rd angles –direct CP violation KEK B factory has been operational quite successfully –159fb -1 recorded –CP violation (78fb -1 ): sin2  1 = 0.719  0.074  0.035 –KM mechanism established as the dominant source of CP violation –Many first observations of rare B decays and many other results Major upgrade for L =10 35 -10 36 cm -2 s -1 (  3000-30000fb -1 ) –Very powerful and unique in exploring new phase and couplings

32. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 32 Backup slides

33. July 15-19, 2003 Lattice 2003, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Masashi Hazumi (KEK) 33 V ub measurement More luminosity Less systematics