1. Lesson 1: Governance and Democracy

2. What is government? Government is made up of the people and institutions put in place to run and manage a country, state, province or community. The role of government is to protect its citizens and provide services to support people living within its borders. This includes making decisions and debating new and existing regulations (laws).

3. How do governments compare? Governments around the world differ from one another and they can be compared by considering the following questions: a) Who holds the power? b) How do those leaders get to be in power? c) What rights and freedoms do the people have?

4. Autocratic Government Autocracy = one person is the leader (known as a dictator) The leader has total power over all the people and most aspects of their lives. These rulers often have the support of the military – without the permission of the people and their citizens have few rights and freedoms. Examples: North Korea, Syria, Kazakhstan.

5. Oligarchy Oligarchy = several people lead together Power rests in the hands of just a few people. They usually come to power because of wealth or family lines and connections. Citizens have some rights and freedoms. Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait.

6. Democratic Government Democracy = All citizens have a say in determining the government and have a voice through elected representatives. Power is shared by all people and people are meant to participate equally through free and fair elections, and discussing issues openly. Citizens have guaranteed rights and freedoms (e.g., the right to vote, freedom of speech and expression). Examples: Canada, the United States, Japan, Germany.

7. Theocratic Government Theocracy = a god or deity is recognized as the main civil ruler. Government decisions are made by religious leaders who are seen to be directly guided by that god or deity. Laws are interpreted from religious writings by religious authorities and enforced by religious officials. Examples: Iran, Vatican City.

8. Canada’s Government Canada is a democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Canada is a member of the British Commonwealth (along with 52 other countries) and is connected to the Crown. The Queen of England is also Canada’s Queen. The Queen accepts all decisions made by the Government of Canada, but she continues to play an important ceremonial role.

9. Quotes about Democracy “It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except for all the others that have been tried.” – Winston Churchill “I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong.” – Mohandas Gandhi

10. Final Thoughts What does democracy mean to you? Can you think of a better form of government? How can democracy fail? Does it fail if citizens do not participate? Does it fail if elected representatives do not effectively represent the people?