1. LIEN – Reporting Energy & CO 2 Emissions for Carbon Tax and Emissions Trading. Fuel Use and Distribution in Ireland

2. Fuel Use & Distribution Where does Industry fit in the overall energy picture Industry’s fuel mix Industry CO 2 Carbon Tax Profile of Industrial Energy Consumption Competitiveness and Energy Industrial economic activity and energy consumption

3. Index of GDP, TPER & Energy Related CO 2

4. Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel Type

5. Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector

6. Energy Import Dependency

7. Total Final Consmption of Energy by Fuel Type

8. Total Final Consmption of Energy by Sector

9. Electricity Primary Fuel Mix

10. Greenhouse Emissions by Source, 1990 & 2001

11. Energy Related CO 2 by Sector – includes primary electricity CO 2

12. Industry Energy by Fuel

13. Industry CO 2

14. Profile of Industrial Energy Consumption Pareto principle states that; A vital few of the factors are responsible for the bulk of the effects 80/20 rule 80% of the effects are caused by 20% of the factors It has long been assumed that the bulk of energy consumption in Industry was by a small number of enterprises.

15. Profile of Industrial Energy Consumption

16. CO 2 Factors Source: EPA

17. Electricity CO 2 (kg CO 2 /kWh)

18. Carbon Tax Taking an indicative tax of €10/tonne CO 2 ; This equates to 1c/kg CO 2 Therefore a fuel that produces say 0.2kg CO 2 /kWh will incur a tax of 0.2c/kWh Variations on the €10/tonne can be easily calculated from this.

19. Carbon Tax

20. Cost Competitiveness Energy Productivity How much wealth can be created for a given amount of energy? How do we compare on price paid for energy? What proportion of manufacturing costs is accounted for by expenditure on energy?

21. Primary Energy Intensity

22. Final Energy Intensity Structural Effect

23. Electricity Prices to Industry

24. Fuel Oil Prices to Industry

25. Industry Expenditure on Energy 1990 vs 1998 (1990 prices)

26. Industry Expenditure on Energy 1998

27. Industrial Energy Consumption 1998

28. Industry CO 2 1998 (Mt CO 2 )

29. Industry Gross Value-added 1998

30. Expenditure on Energy as % of Gross Value Added

31. Ratio of Energy Expenditure to “Direct Costs” 97% of Industrial Enterprises have an energy to “costs” ratio of less than or equal to 4% This accounts for 67.3% of Industry energy CO 2 (primary basis) 99.6% of Industrial Enterprises have a ratio of  10% Accounting for 80.5% of industry energy CO 2 19 enterprises have ratios between 10% and 60% 19.5% of industry energy CO 2

32. Conclusion Industry value-added grew by approx. 170% between 1990 and 2000 Industry energy consumption grew by 31% in the same period Energy intensity fell by 3.7%/annum on average over the period Reduction in energy intensity cannot all be attributed to efficiency gains Energy intensive sectors are most sensitive to energy price change (carbon tax)

33. LIEN – Reporting Energy & CO 2 Emissions for Carbon Tax and Emissions Trading. Fuel Use and Distribution in Ireland Thank you