1. Pathogenesis BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland

2. Key Concepts Portal of Entry Attachment Initial Evasion Growth and Development Portal of Exit Copyright 2009, John Ireland

3. Disease Progression Copyright 2009, John Ireland Entry into Host Attachment Evasion of Immune System Damage to Host Cells Exit from Host

4. Portals of Entry Copyright 2009, John Ireland Skin Mucosal Membranes Parenteral

5. Attachment Copyright 2009, John Ireland Some form of attachment is utilized to keep a microbe in a specific location through a type of protein interaction.

6. Evasion of the Immune System Copyright 2009, John Ireland Evasion Cell Wall & Capsule Enzymes Intracellular Growth Invasins Antigen Variation

7. Damage Copyright 2009, John Ireland Effects Nutrient Acquisition ToxinsDirect Damage Lysogenic Transformation Cytopathic Effects

8. Nutrient Acquisition Copyright 2009, John Ireland Human blood has a free concentration for iron of 10 -24 mol/L

9. Toxins Copyright 2009, John Ireland Exotoxin (G+) Endotoxin (G-)

10. Cytopathic Effects Copyright 2009, John Ireland The visible effects of viral infection, varied in severity and form.

11. Lysogenic Transformation Copyright 2009, John Ireland Many pathogenic microbes are made pathogenic by a phage infecting them and either activating or carrying pathogenic components

12. Direct Damage Copyright 2009, John Ireland Contrast the effects of toxins with those of Direct Damage

13. Portals of Exit Copyright 2009, John Ireland Skin Mucosal Membranes Parenteral

14. Case Study – Cholera Copyright 2009, John Ireland “If everybody contemplates the infinite instead of fixing the drains, many of us will die of cholera.”. John Rich (Drexel University)

15. Number of People in Refugee Camps Copyright 2009, John Ireland Over 21 million people are classified as refugees by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 2007

16. Clean Water Copyright 2009, John Ireland Only Forty-Six Percent of Africa have access to safe drinking water WHO, 2006

17. Start of Outbreak Copyright 2009, John Ireland The UNHCR has only 6300 employees in over 110 countries

18. Pathology and Exit from Host Copyright 2009, John Ireland Three Billion people worldwide do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities. WHO, 2006

19. Cholera in Africa Copyright 2009, John Ireland