1. What was the impact of the Cold War on American society?
Essential Question
What was the impact of the Cold War on American society?

2. West Germany GB, US, FR sectors attempted to unite into one government
Soviets opposed this unification

3. Division of Germany
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) formed in Sept. 1949
East Germany (German Democratic Republic) formed in Oct. 1949

4. Berlin Airlift USSR blockaded West Berlin
No trucks, barges, or trains could bring in supplies to its 2.5 million residents

5. Berlin Airlift
For more than 10 months, British and American planes flew in supplies
200,000 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies

6. Berlin Airlift

7. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Formed in 1949 of western nations
Treaty agreeing to help one another if attacked

8. Warsaw Pact Formed by the Soviet Union in 1955
Formal military alliance of eastern nations

9. Eastern Europe

10. China
Communists seized control of the government in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong

11. Korea
U.S. and Soviet troops divided Korea after WWII at the 38th parallel
Soviets gave military aid to North Korea

12. Korean War
Began in 1950
Communist government of North Korea (with the help of the USSR) attempted to invade South Korea

13. Korean War
Sept. 15, 1950 – MacArthur made a daring invasion into North Korea and pushed the enemy north of the 38th parallel

14. Korean War China entered the war as they saw the advancing troops
MacArthur wanted to invade China, use atomic weapons

15. Truman vs. MacArthur
The general publicly criticized Truman for not moving against China
Truman fired him for insubordination in April 1951

16. Korean War Armistice signed in July 1953 No land gained by either side
Marked the expansion of the Cold War in Asia

17. The Cold War and American Society

18. The Red Scare
Rumors and accusations of Communists in the U.S. in government

19. Loyalty Review Program
Over 6 million federal employees screened to determine who was loyal to the U.S.

20. J. Edgar Hoover Director of the FBI
Urged public hearings to expose Communists and Communist sympathizers
Infiltrated groups, wiretaps, etc.

21. HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee
Find communists in the government

22. Alger Hiss Named as a spy and a member of the Communist Party
Lied under oath and was convicted of perjury

23. The Rosenbergs
Belief that American Communists sold secrets to the Soviets about constructing atomic bombs
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted and executed for this charge

24. Joseph McCarthy U.S. senator from Wisconsin
Proclaimed Communists were part of the U.S. government

25. Quote, McCarthy
“While I cannot take the time to name all the men in the State Department who have been named as members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring, I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping the policy of the State Department.”

26. McCarthyism
McCarthy became chairman of the senate subcommittee on investigations
He used vague and flimsy charges that damaged reputations

27. Nuclear War
How did the U.S. population respond to the threat of nuclear war?
Bomb shelters, drills

28. Long Range U.S. Nuclear Missiles
B-52 bomber for flying across continents and drop nuclear bombs
Intercontinental ballistic missiles (IBCMs)

29. Sputnik Crisis Launched by the USSR on Oct. 4, 1957
First artificial satellite to orbit the earth

30. NASA
Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Research in rocket science and space exploration

31. CIA
President Eisenhower agreed to use the Central Intelligence Agency for covert missions to prevent communist activity in other nations