1. BELLWORK 1. Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton? How was she involved in the suffrage movement? 2. THINKER 1: Canada allows women to vote two years prior to America. Why do you think they were ahead of the U.S. when it came to suffrage? 3. THINKER 2: Most Latin American countries do not grant suffrage until the 1930’s (Mexico – 1953). Why do you think they were so behind the U.S. and Canada when it came to suffrage? 4. THINKER 3: As you know, activism played a major role in society/politics in the 1920’s. In your opinion, is a radical approach, like protests/marches more effective (Alice Paul & WEB Dubois) or is it more efficient to use a “turn the other cheek” approach (Carrie Catt & Booker T. Washington)? Explain!

2. African Americans Post- WWI From Reconstruction to the Great Migration

3. Discussion After the Civil War and Reconstruction, blacks are now freedmen and are granted voting rights. If this was the case, how did so many people/groups/states get away with continued discrimination and violence directed at blacks? After the Civil War and Reconstruction, blacks are now freedmen and are granted voting rights. If this was the case, how did so many people/groups/states get away with continued discrimination and violence directed at blacks?

4. Reconstruction Success or Failure…….. YOU DECIDE!

5. Reconstruction Successes 13 th Amendment: outlawed slavery 13 th Amendment: outlawed slavery Civil Rights Act of 1866: gave citizenship to African Americans & guaranteed equal protection under law. Civil Rights Act of 1866: gave citizenship to African Americans & guaranteed equal protection under law. 14 th Amendment: prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen 14 th Amendment: prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen 15 th Amendment: Gives all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or former servitude 15 th Amendment: Gives all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or former servitude New rights/freedoms: land ownership, education New rights/freedoms: land ownership, education Freedmen’s Bureau: gave clothing, medical supplies, education, and meals to black and white war refugees. Freedmen’s Bureau: gave clothing, medical supplies, education, and meals to black and white war refugees. Enforcement Act of 1870: "banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race" Enforcement Act of 1870: "banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race"

7. Reconstruction Failures Resurgence of the KKK: targeting African Americans, immigrants, communists, and radicals led to the KKK’s new popularity (peak membership – 1924) Resurgence of the KKK: targeting African Americans, immigrants, communists, and radicals led to the KKK’s new popularity (peak membership – 1924) Poverty: unemployment, lack of gov. aide Poverty: unemployment, lack of gov. aide Black Codes: laws restricting the rights of newly freed blacks; such as, contract negotiation, travel, weapons, voting and property ownership. (some states were more radical) Black Codes: laws restricting the rights of newly freed blacks; such as, contract negotiation, travel, weapons, voting and property ownership. (some states were more radical) Jim Crow Laws: started public segregation Jim Crow Laws: started public segregation Plessey vs. Ferguson (1896): implemented the “separate but equal” clause into law Plessey vs. Ferguson (1896): implemented the “separate but equal” clause into law States refusal to comply with Federal laws States refusal to comply with Federal laws Lynching: public execution, usually by mob, without a trial Lynching: public execution, usually by mob, without a trial US vs. Cruikshank (1875): Reconstruction amendments only applied to state governments and NOT individuals US vs. Cruikshank (1875): Reconstruction amendments only applied to state governments and NOT individuals

8. Jim Crow Laws 1876-1965 Included the segregation of public schools, transportation, restrooms & restaurants. The U.S. military was also segregated The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to “Jump Jim Crow” a song-and-dance caricature of blacks performed by a white actor in blackface, which first surfaced in 1832. "Jim Crow" had become a derogatory expression by 1838.

10. YearMembership 19203,000,000 19244,000,000 193030,000 19805,000 20086,000

12. Anti-Immigrant Rally; WV 1920

13. Anti-Immigrant March; NJ 1921

14. KKK Initiation; DC 1923

15. Sharecropping…..a success or failure? Sharecropping: system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land Sharecropping: system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land The landowner provided land, housing (a shack), tools and seed, and perhaps a mule, and a local merchant loaned money for food and supplies. At harvest time the sharecropper received a share of the crop (from one-third to one-half), which paid off his debt to the merchant. The landowner provided land, housing (a shack), tools and seed, and perhaps a mule, and a local merchant loaned money for food and supplies. At harvest time the sharecropper received a share of the crop (from one-third to one-half), which paid off his debt to the merchant. Cost of production and price of sale were both largely controlled by the land owner, (and heavily supervised) with the sharecropper having little, if any, profit. These factors made sharecroppers dependent on the plantation owners in a way that perpetuated some of the aspects of slavery Cost of production and price of sale were both largely controlled by the land owner, (and heavily supervised) with the sharecropper having little, if any, profit. These factors made sharecroppers dependent on the plantation owners in a way that perpetuated some of the aspects of slavery Sharecroppers after being evicted; 1926 Common Sharecropper’s Cabin

16. What do you think???? Was Reconstruction more of a success or failure??? Was Reconstruction more of a success or failure???

17. The Great Migration Between 1916 and 1920, half a million African Americans left the south in search of jobs, better opportunities, and to escape racism. Between 1916 and 1920, half a million African Americans left the south in search of jobs, better opportunities, and to escape racism. In the North, they took jobs as meatpackers, metalworkers, and autoworkers for more pay than they would’ve made in the South. In the North, they took jobs as meatpackers, metalworkers, and autoworkers for more pay than they would’ve made in the South. This caused Northern urban centers to become more populated. This caused Northern urban centers to become more populated. Some northern whites were mad they had to share power and opportunity with African Americans and eventually led to the 1920’s race riots. Some northern whites were mad they had to share power and opportunity with African Americans and eventually led to the 1920’s race riots.

20. Chicago Race Riots: 1919

21. Washington Race Riot: 1920

22. African American Activists For the rest of today’s class, you will be divided into four groups. Each group will be assigned an activist: For the rest of today’s class, you will be divided into four groups. Each group will be assigned an activist: W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey Today, your group will read a primary source written by your activist and discuss it’s meaning/purpose Today, your group will read a primary source written by your activist and discuss it’s meaning/purpose Tomorrow, your group will lead a discussion about your activist and primary source. Tomorrow, your group will lead a discussion about your activist and primary source.

23. Things I expect in your discussion presentation…… Background of the activist Background of the activist Involvement in the movement Involvement in the movement Summarize the message of the document and how it relates to their beliefs Summarize the message of the document and how it relates to their beliefs Everyone will have copies, so you can refer to specific passages or quotes Everyone will have copies, so you can refer to specific passages or quotes Pose 1-2 questions to discuss with the class (thinkers) Pose 1-2 questions to discuss with the class (thinkers) Take on the role of a teacher! Take on the role of a teacher! 10-15 minutes per group 10-15 minutes per group Make sure you know about your activist! This may require extra research tonight. Make sure you know about your activist! This may require extra research tonight.

24. W.E.B. Dubois

25. Booker T. Washington

26. Marcus Garvey A Jamaican-born activist who urged African Americans to return to “Motherland Africa” to create a self-governing nation. A Jamaican-born activist who urged African Americans to return to “Motherland Africa” to create a self-governing nation. Raised $10 million for a steamship that would take his followers back to the motherland. Raised $10 million for a steamship that would take his followers back to the motherland.

27. Marcus Garvey Garvey was deported to Jamaica in 1927 for fraud charges. Garvey was deported to Jamaica in 1927 for fraud charges. His message of racial pride and independence inspired later “black pride” movements. His message of racial pride and independence inspired later “black pride” movements.