1. Alzheimer’s Disease The most common cause of Dementia –Progressive Memory Loss Plus loss in one other area of cognition: Perception Attention Language/Symbols Judgment Reasoning Problem Solving Interferes with Activities of Daily Living Other causes (stroke) and mimics (depression) ruled out

2. Prion Disease Often confused with Alzheimer’s disease clinically Progressive dementia Course is much more rapid Myoclonus, startle Cerebellar signs (variable)

3. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Memory Complaint Abnormal memory for age and educational background Not demented –Dementia is cognitive problems with impairment in social or occupational function, and trouble with language, coordinating physical activities, or thinking through problems About 12% with MCI develop AD per year

4. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy PSP Second most common cause of parkinsonism after Parkinson’s disease Rigidity, symmetric eye movement abnormalities –staring, limited frequent falls/postural instability no treatment response, or, not sustained poor prognosis

5. Corticobasal Degeneration alien limb phenomenon Asymmetry Apraxia Dystonia “cortical” signs, “frontal release” Parkinsonism not responsive to treatment Rapid progression No family history

6. Parkinson’s Disease Resting tremor Bradykinesia Rigidity Postural instability Gait difficulties Asymmetric onset Responsive to Dopamine replacement Dysautonomia, sleep, non-Neurological symptoms

7. Lewy Body Dementia Second most common cause of dementia –Memory difficulties –Parkinsonism May be dopamine replacement responsive Neuroleptic (dopamine antagonist) sensitive –Fluctuations Cognition Motor symptoms –May respond to cholinesterase inhibitors –Hallucinations, delusions –Sleep impairment (REM behavior disorder)