1. Sketching Applications
Chapter 5
Sketching Applications

2. Why Sketching? Sketching (i.e., freehand drawing)
Drawing without drafting equipment
Only paper, pencil, and an eraser needed
Fast, visual communication
Asset for communicating technical concepts
All lines are related in sketches
Size and direction
Sketches should be proportional
Actual size depends on paper and sketch size

3. Sketching Tools & Materials
Soft lead pencil
Initially type of paper is not critical as long as the idea can be conveyed
Grid paper is best to define scale

4. Sketching Tools and Materials
Pencils
Should have soft lead
Common No. 2
Mechanical pencil with H, F, or HB lead
Automatic 0.7-mm or 0.9-mm pencil with F or HB lead
Point should be slightly rounded
Paper
Almost any type works

5. Sketching Straight Lines

6. Sketching Circular Objects
Trammel Method
Make a trammel or use scale
Place pencil on one point while holding the end and rotate around center point
Nail and string method
Hand compass Method
Use your hand as the center and rotate the paper
How did you do?
Practice
Sketch freehand

7. Measurement and Proportion
Proportion of lines to each other are more important then the size of the sketch itself
The first line sketched determines the ______of the drawing
The second line determines the ______ of the drawing
Use your pencil to establish measurements if no scale is available

8. Sketching Procedures Use Construction Lines Box out drawings
Before sketching try to visualize the object or finished product
Sketch very light lines of the outline
Add details being careful to keep the proportion correct
Darken in the desired lines of the final sketch
Use a grid to create irregular shapes
Use Construction Lines
Box out drawings

9. Multiview Projection
Establishes two or more views of an object as projected on two or more planes
Uses orthographic projection techniques
Elevations
Two-dimensional exterior views of a structure
Proper view selection
Six primary views

12. Multiview Details
Use the front, left side, right side, and back as elevations
Where do all drawings come from?
Floor Plans
Roof Plan
Cross Section
Electrical
Site

14. ________________ or _______________Sketches ____________ = 90º
Mirror Line
Height
Width

15. Practical Application of Orthographic Projection
Any projection of features onto an imaginary perpendicular plane
Lines of sight are perpendicular to the plane
Objects are true size if they are parallel to the plane
Objects are foreshortened if they are not parallel to the plane
Alignment of views is critical

16. Application Exercise

17. One and Two Point ___________Projection Sketches
Determine best view for the front
Set up isometric axes
Sketch overall block
Add details

18. Setting up Sketches Perspective Isometric Vanishing point(s)
Horizon Line
Ground Line
Isometric
Horizontal ground line
Perpendicular line
Two 30° lines