1. Unit 4 Vocabulary

2. Louisiana Purchase President Jefferson send James Monroe to negotiate with Napoleon to buy the Louisiana territory from France This doubles the size of the U.S. (territorial growth)

3. Westward expansion Describes the territorial growth of the United States during the first half of the 19 th century the U.S. grows and gains land to the west –Louisiana Purchase –Northwest Ordinance –Manifest Destiny

4. Manifest Destiny “obviously meant to be” that God wanted Americans to move west Belief that Americans were supposed to move and expand west to the Pacific coast

5. Lewis and Clark expedition Jefferson gets Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana territory and report on what was there Jefferson sends them to be diplomatic with Native Americans and to record information about plants, animals and the land

6. War of 1812 War between the U.S. and Great Britain over impressment and British alliance with Native Americans Significance: Increased nationalism and helped create national identity

7. National identity The nature of a country as a whole including language, culture, traditions and shared values

8. American System Plan to unify the regions and create a strong, stable economy Created infrastructure (transportation between regions)

9. Infrastructure Basic physical systems of a country or community. Examples: roads, other transportation, sewage, water

10. Erie Canal Canal that links the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean Led to the rise of New York City as most dominant port

11. Monroe Doctrine President Monroe warns European powers not to interfere in the western hemisphere so that they would not try to colonize Latin America Importance: Shows American nationalism and power and shapes foreign policy

12. Industrial Revolution Massive changes in the economy and society that resulted from the growth of the factory system Led to increased sectionalism between the North and the South, because the North becomes reliant on industry and the South more reliant on agriculture

13. Cotton gin Invented by Eli Whitney Machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers Makes South more dependant on cotton and slavery

14. Interchangeable parts Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another Makes mass production possible Eli Whitney makes these for muskets

15. Abolitionist Movement Movement to end slavery Many women participate in this movement and that contributes to women working for right to vote

16. Temperance Movement Movement to end the consumption of alcohol Believed alcohol was bad for society and ruining families Made up of mostly women

17. Women’s Suffrage Movement for the right to vote and equality for women Seneca Falls Convention was first women’s rights convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the Seneca Falls Convention, where the Declaration of Sentiments demanded equal rights for women

18. Public Education Movement Wanted access to education for all Poor needed education because they could now vote Led by Horace Mann

19. Reform movements of the early 1800s Organized efforts to change or fix society after the Industrial Revolution to address the changes and problems in America at that time Examples: abolitionism, temperance, public education, suffrage

20. Jacksonian Democracy Andrew Jackson’s supporters wanted common people to participate in the government Changed popular political culture – Jackson as the “common man”, spoke to the concerns of ordinary people. Politics not just for the elite anymore

21. Expanding Suffrage More people can vote Many states began to get rid of property requirements for voting This helps Jackson win the Election of 1828

22. American nationalism Nationalism – devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation develops during War of 1812 Jackson was a national hero and encouraged nationalism over sectionalism during his presidency

23. Spoils System After he became president, Jackson replaced federal workers with his supporters and friends

24. Indian Removal Act of 1830 President Jackson supports this bill that orders southern tribes to move off their lands to reservations west of the Mississippi River Includes the Trails of Tears

25. Bank War Jackson opposes the National Bank and vetoes a bill extending its’ charter The sudden end to the bank led to economic crisis (Panic of 1837)

26. Nullification When a state refuses to recognize a federal law because it considers it unconstitutional South Carolina, encouraged by John C. Calhoun, wants to nullify the Tariff of 1828, Jackson forces them to back down The belief in nullification is associated with the belief in states’ rights