1. What were the primary tensions over slavery?
Essential Question
What were the primary tensions over slavery?

2. The Land of Cotton

3. North v. South North – dependent on industry
South – dependent on agriculture

4. Cotton Rapidly spread throughout the South as the most important crop
Spread the institution of slavery and demand for slave labor

5. Cotton Plantation

6. Slave Labor
1820 to 1850
Increased from 1.5 million to 4 million

7. Issue of States’ Rights
Tariff of 1828 on manufactured goods from England
South Carolina called it: “Tariff of Abominations”

8. Nullification Crisis
South Carolina threatened to secede (withdraw) from the Union
John C. Calhoun – vice president

9. Nullification Crisis
Argument – Union is a voluntary association of states
States have the right to declare a federal law null and void

10. Quotes President Jackson: “Our federal Union – it must be preserved.”
Vice-President Calhoun: “The Union – next to our liberty, most dear.”

11. Nullification Crisis
SC adopted an ordinance of nullification declaring tariffs unconstitutional

12. Nullification Crisis Congress passed the Force Bill
Authorized President Jackson to use force to enforce the acts of Congress

13. The Abolitionist Movement

14. Early Abolition Movement
Abolition = an immediate end to slavery in the South
Very divisive reform movement

15. William Lloyd Garrison
Boston
Antislavery newsletter – The Liberator

16. American Antislavery Society
Called for emancipation = freeing of all slaves
Slavery is immoral

19. Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Sisters from South Carolina
Moved north to work against slavery

20. Frederick Douglass Escaped from slavery in Maryland
Well-known speaker against slavery

21. Sojourner Truth Gained freedom in 1827 in NY
Antislavery speeches that drew large crowds

22. Southern Response Considered slavery vital to their way of life
Depended on agriculture, cotton

23. Nat Turner Rebellion August 1831
Nat Turner organized a slave revolt in which 160 people were killed

24. Slave Codes Strict state laws No property ownership
No freedom of movement
No reading and writing

25. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe
Writing of enslaved Tom and a violent overseer

26. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Changed Northern ideas about slavery and African Americans
Southerners tried to have the novel banned

27. The Underground Railroad
Informal, organized system that helped slaves escape
Conductors led slaves along the route to freedom

29. Harriet Tubman
Runaway who returned to the South several times to assist slaves