1. Arnold Bregt SDI as an organisational infrastructure 0

2. Introduction Last week: technical aspects This week: non-technical aspects People (stakeholders) Policy Legal Financing Information about the functioning of the SDI (Assessment) 1

3. 2 Contents People and organizations (Today) SDI and culture (Today) Policy and legal (Today Assessment (Friday)

4. 3 SDI and People PeoplePolicyData Standards Technology (Rajabifard et al., 2002)

5. 4 SDI & People (roles) Meaning of people in SDI: Individuals Organizations (group of people)

6. Question What are the stakeholders you van identify in an SDI? 5

7. 6 Users, value adders Policy makers, money providers, coordinators Data providers, service providers, brokers, value adders Researchers SDI organizations SDI & People (roles)

8. Organogram: stakeholders and their relations Different models 7

9. Stakeholders organograms (INSPIRE) 8

10. Stakeholders 9 Source: Masser et al., 2008

11. Stakeholders 10 Source: fgdc

12. Users and value adders 11 Very important actor within SDI Little know about wishes Reason: diverse group and hardly investigated

13. Canadian approach User centered-design input of users at various stages in the design of a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the needs of its users source: GeoConnections

14. Value adders Recent development Try to make a business of existing data E.g. Apps based on open data 13

15. 14 Policy makers, money providers, coordinators Executive bodies e.g. www.geonovum.nl Ministries

16. INSPIRE (example) 15 Source: State of Play 2010

17. INSPIRE (example) 16 Source: State of Play 2010

18. 17 Data providers, service providers, value adders What is the difference?

19. What are they? 18

20. 19 Researchers Examples The University of Melbourne JRC CGI (See Exercise week 1)

21. International SDI organizations Non-profit organization Members from more than 50 countries Annual conference Newsletters Funding 20

22. 21 PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific (now dormant) PCGIAP GSDI link Researchers and SDI organizations

23. 22

24. 23 SDI Conferences GSDI conferences – every 1,5 year EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year “Tracks” in general GI conferences Conferences

25. 24 There are a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture SDI organizations

26. Cultural differences and SDI

27. 26 What is Culture?

28. 27 What is culture? a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors the way of life is shared by the members of a society. Cultural differences and SDI

29. personality culture human nature Specific to individual Specific to group Universal Inherited and learned Learned Inherited Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997)

30. 29 Characterizing Culture (Hofstede et al., 1997) Power distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance Pragmatism (added 2010) (Long term orientation) Indulgence (added in 2010) Cultural differences and SDI

31. Cultural Dimensions 30

32. 31 Cultural differences and SDI

33. 32 Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Cultural differences and SDI

34. Country Comparison 33

35. 34 What is the relation between culture and SDI? High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives. High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding. Cultural differences and SDI

36. 35 Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity versus Femininity large smallstrong weakmasc. fem. Access to GI L H L/H H Sharing of GI L HL L/HL H L, H = low, high support for access to and sharing of GI Cultural differences and SDI

37. Relation with SDI 36

38. Results 37

39. Results 38

40. Assignment week 3 Case of the week 3 “Your SDI as an organisational infrastructure” Please analyze your case study SDI from a stakeholder, policy, legal and economic perspective. 39

41. With analyze we mean: Draft an organogram of the different stakeholders within your SDI (design your own picture); Describe the stakeholders, relations and dependencies between them; Describe the economic and legal arrangements (access rights, use rights and finance sources); Reflect on the impact of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the organizational setting of your SDI. 40

42. Thank you for your attention! Questions?