1. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs) Multi-nRTI Resistance: 69 Insertion Complex (affects all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA) Multi-nRTI Resistance: 151 Complex (affects all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA except tenofovir) Multi-nRTI Resistance: Thymidine Analogue-Associated Mutations (TAMs; affect all nRTIs currently approved by the US FDA)

2. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs) Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nRTIs) (cont) Abacavir Didanosine Emtricitabine Lamivudine Stavudine Tenofovir Zidovudine

3. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene Associated with Resistance to Nonnucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) Efavirenz Etravirine Nevirapine Rilpivirine

4. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Protease Gene Associated with Resistance to Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir +/-ritonavir Darunavir/ ritonavir Fosamprenavir/ ritonavir Indinavir/ ritonavir Lopinavir/ ritonavir

5. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Protease Gene Associated with Resistance to Protease Inhibitors (cont) Nelfinavir Tipranavir/ ritonavir Saquinavir/ ritonavir

6. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Envelope Gene Associated With Resistance to Entry Inhibitors Maraviroc Enfuvirtide User Notes available at www.iasusa.org

7. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. Mutations in the Integrase Gene Associated With Resistance to Integrase Inhibitors Raltegravir

8. © 2011. IAS–USA Johnson VA et al. Top Antivir Med. 2011;19(4):156-164. Updates, user notes, and references available at www.iasusa.org. IAS  USA* Drug Resistance Mutations Group *IAS–USA is a not-for-profit, HIV clinical specialist-education organization. It is entirely different from and not affiliated with the International AIDS Society (Stockholm, Sweden). 2011 Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Victoria A. Johnson, MD, Vincent Calvez, MD, PhD, Huldrych F. Günthard, MD, Roger Paredes, MD, PhD, Deenan Pillay, MD, PhD, Robert Shafer, MD, Annemarie M. Wensing, MD, PhD, and Douglas D. Richman, MD Top Antivir Med. 19(4):156-164. Updates available at www.iasusa.org.