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After WWII The Cold War
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Yalta Conference Met off of Black Sea before end of WWII to discuss outcome U.S.A (FDR), Soviet Union (Stalin), & Britain (Churchill) Soviets wanted buffer zone so don’t get invaded (Poland) Want to weaken Germany (break into 4 parts) U.S. & Britain don’t agree (start WWIII) but U.S. needs Soviet help with Japan so agree, but Soviets have to give new nations free elections
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The United Nations Formed with 51 countries that met in San Francisco to prevent conflict Based in N.Y. today Five countries led-U.S.A, Britain, France, U.S.S.R, China
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Fate of Great Britain Had to pay back Lend Lease fall into depression
Oust Churchill (blame for depression) P.M. Attlee Socialist Can’t afford to keep empire India independence 1946 Then Burma, Australia, Canada Does not want atomic bomb
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Arab-Israeli Conflict
U.N. sectioned off to make two countries to create a Jewish homeland for refugees from Holocaust First War 750,000 Palestinians misplaced-still a controversy today
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Fate of U.S. We become world power We have atomic bomb
1952 get Hydrogen bomb Capitalist Truman President until 1953 Dwight Eisenhower “Ike” President
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Fate of Soviet Union Stalin dies 1953 Khrushchev becomes leader
Communist Mad we did not tell them we had atomic bomb & feels they had to fight the eastern front without help (most causalities) Does not keep promise from Yalta Get atomic bomb 1949 Get Hydrogen bomb 1953
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Welcome to the Cold War!!!!
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Fate of Germany Sectioned into 4 parts East Germany went to U.S.S.R
West to France, GB, U.S.A (We eventually combine to make West Germany) Split capital of Berlin in Soviet zone as well
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Berlin Airlift First conflict of Cold War Soviets block supplies from coming into Berlin so they would gain complete control June 1948-May1949 US & Britain airlift ~ 13,000 tons of supplies Afterward became East Germany & West Germany
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Berlin Wall 1961 Built in 1961 under J.F.K
Separated East from West Berlin Fell in Nov. 1989 Symbol of the Cold War & Fall marks the beginning of the end of the Cold War
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Berlin Wall In 1960’s Fall in 1989
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Red Scare -Senator Joe McCarthy
Vows to rid of spread of communism because he “has a list of names” to get elected HUAC-House Un-American Activities Committee-investigated suspected communist Hollywood Ten-accused actors and actresses of spreading communism McCarthyism Impact: started a widespread fear of communism
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Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Accused of selling bomb secrets to Soviets Tried & executed 1953 Ethel re-executed Targeted because they were Russian immigrants (shows shift in discrimination)
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NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United States Canada United Kingdom France Italy Netherlands Norway Iceland Denmark Belgium Luxemburg Portugal An agreement against an attack from the Soviet Union
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Warsaw Pact Soviet Union Albania Czechoslovakia Hungary East Germany
Poland Romania Bulgaria
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The Iron Curtain Churchill states “An iron curtain has descended upon the Continent”
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The Eastern Bloc Satellite Nation: appears to be an independent nation but really is ruled by another. Soviets had areas around them as satellite nations during the Cold War.
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Yugoslavia Leader Josip Tito Split from Stalin 1948
Was an Ally in WWII so independent Communist but not part of Stalin’s satellite nations Yugoslavia divided in 1992 after ethnic wars
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Communist China China became communist in 1949
Mao Zedong ( ) controversial leader China is in transition today
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The Space Race In 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik
First earth orbiting artificial satellite Starts Space Race in Cold War Changes US school curriculum
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And so it begins… Marshall Plan: U.S. aid European countries economically so they don’t fall to communism after WWII Truman Doctrine: 1947 Truman fears Soviets will not live up to their agreements at Potsdam Conference and begins policy of containment NSC-68: signed in 1950 by Truman quadrupled the amount spent on defense and stated ~20% GDP go to defense
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It’s a Cold War with Hot Zones…
Conflicts will break out in: -Korea -Vietnam -Latin America -The Middle East Why? -Containment: US policy to stop the spread of Communism -Domino Theory: fear that if one country falls to communism their neighbor will too Communism
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99 Red balloons-1984
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