1. Chapter 12: Section 3 Pp. 372-377 War With Mexico

2. The New Mexico Territory Present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, parts of Colorado and Wyoming Mexico won its independence in 1821 Mexico encouraged Americans to trade in Santa Fe

4. The Santa Fe Trail Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM Mostly flat, good for wagons Became a busy trade route Americans soon began settling and saw New Mexico as part of the Manifest Destiny of the U.S.

5. Santa Fe Trail

6. California’s Spanish Culture Spanish explorers and missionaries settled California in the 1700s Missions used to convert Native Americans to Christianity Native Americans also farmed and practiced weaving After Mexico won its independence Native Americans worked the land in return for food and shelter

7. War With Mexico President James Polk New Mexico and California are part of Manifest Destiny Tried to buy the land from Mexico Mexico refuses Polk tries to provoke them to justify war Two nations disagree about Texas-Mexico border

8. Conflict Begins Polk orders General Zachary Taylor to cross the disputed border with Mexico April 24, 1846 Mexican soldiers attack Taylor Polk’s plan Take disputed border Capture New Mexico and California Invade Mexico City

9. The United States Expands Capture Mexico City in September 1847 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- 1848 Mexico gave up Texas and agrees to Rio Grande border Mexican Cession Mexico sells California and New Mexico for $15 million Gadsden Purchase U.S. Pays $10 million for strip of land along southern edge of present-day Arizona and New Mexico

12. Chapter 12: Section 4 Pp. 378-382 California and Utah

13. California Gold Rush Gold discovered in 1848 People who arrived in 1849 known as “Forty-niners” Americans made up 80% of Forty-niners Others came from Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia, and China

17. Life in California Boomtowns: New community that experiences a sudden growth in business or population Boomtowns were built by people rushing in to California looking for gold San Francisco: Small village to city of 20,000

19. Forty-niners Most had no experience mining Very few found gold Many of those that did lost their riches through gambling and wild spending California Gold Rush doubled the world’s supply of gold Boomtown merchants made huge profits No other nearby stores that sold certain products Charged whatever they wanted

20. Levi Strauss Immigrant Made a fortune selling miners sturdy pants made of denim, “Levis”

21. Vigilantes Many men, few women Men were lonely and suffering hardships Spent time drinking, gambling, and fighting Vigilantes: Citizen groups that protected themselves by taking the law into their own hands

22. Mormons The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Religious movement that developed during the religious awakening of 1830s Joseph Smith- Founder of the Mormon Church Wrote The Book of Mormon Claimed it was a translation of golden plates he had received from an angel

24. The Mormon Migration Mormons settled in Nauvoo, Illinois Smith was killed in 1844 by a mob 1846- Brigham Young leads 12,000 Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in Utah Established flourishing communities Utah becomes a territory in 1850, Brigham Young was named governor Utah does not become a state until 1896