1. Energy Analysis & Audits November 4, 2014 Date: 9:00am-11:00am Time: Presenters: S trategic E nergy G roup S trategic E nergy G roup Natalie Westring Jim Volkman Auralia Lundquist “Understanding your electricity use is key to managing it” - PPL Electric Utilities Website

2. Attendance

3. Upcoming Meetings Energy Champ Update November 18 th Energy Champ Update December 16 th Benchmarking January 6 th

4. Activity Calendar ActivityScheduleVenue PY5 ( until May 2014) 1CEI KickoffMonday April 7, 2014Workshop-PPL EU 2Energy Policy & TeamMay 6, 2014Webinar 3Building Operation AssessmentApril, May & JuneIndividual Onsite PY6 (June 2014- May 2015) 4MT&RJuly 1, 2014Workshop- TBD 5MT&R model updates/handoffsMonth of AugustIndividual 6Midterm Progress ReportSeptember 9, 2014Webinar 7Employee AwarenessOctober 7, 2014Webinar 8Energy Analysis & AuditsNovember 4, 2014Webinar 9BenchmarkingJanuary 6, 2015Webinar 10Roll Out PlanMarch 3, 2015Webinar 11Strategic Energy Mgt. PlanApril 7, 2015Webinar 12Final ReportMay 5, 2015Workshop-PPL EU PY7 (June 2015- May 2016) 13 Second EMAJune 2015 – August 2015Individual 14MT&R Model for additional buildingMay 2015- December2015Individual 15Update SEMPJanuary 2016- May2016Individual 16Implement Roll Out PlanJune 2015- May 2016Individual

5. Today’s Objectives 1.Understand audit types and the process of analyzing projects 2.Understand and use load profiles to identify opportunities. 3.Prepare for Addt’l Building Opportunity Assessments Energy Use Load Profiles Value of Using Data Loggers Calculating Energy Usage and Savings

6. Level 1: Preliminary Audit Level 2: Energy Survey & Analysis Level 3: Investment Grade Audit Budget CapitalImplement Budgeted Projects ASHRAE Audits 6 Implement Operational and Behavioral Opportunities Implement Operational and Behavioral Projects

7. 7 Audit TypeObjectiveWhoAudit Information PreliminaryIdentify potential opportunities 3 rd Party or in- house staff Natalie to discuss PPL Electric Utilities Audit Involvement Energy SurveyComprehensive identification of opportunities Capital Projects – 3 rd party Operational Projects – In-house or 3 rd Party Investment Grade Accurate financial evaluation of potential projects Usually 3 rd Party Audits

8. Energy Data Benchmark energy consumption Compare buildings Prioritize efforts Track building performance Determine energy savings Evaluate building performance Identify & Quantify Opportunities Analyze usage patterns Estimate energy savings

9. Energy kWh therms Btu kBtu Basic Terms Power kW Horsepower therms/hr Btu/hr Energy: The capacity available (battery) or the amount of work performed (expended). Power: The rate at which energy is used

11. Energy Charge The amount of energy used in kWh. Sometimes broken down into on-Peak or off Peak rates. Your utility should identify the on/off peak periods. Demand Charge: Based on the highest “average” power requirement measured over any interval period during the billing cycle (usually 15, 30, or 60 minutes), identified in kilowatts (kW). This charge covers Monthly Demand costs and costs related to sub-transmission system and substation upgrades and maintenance. (May also be on a Time-of-use rate) Reactive Demand: Charge based on the Power Factor (ratio between kW & KVAR) Typically billed for charges above a specific threshold level that is related to your average power factor example <0.85 Electric Bill Courtesy of BetterBricks

12. Power Factor Direction of Travel (Real Power) Total Power (Apparent) Non-Working (Reactive Power)

13. Transmission Charge: This charge includes Scheduling, Dispatch, System Control, Reactive Supply, Regulation and Load Following costs. Facility Charge: The average of the 2 highest demand months (kW) for the last 12 months (PGE with this rate schedule.) Includes shared primary and secondary wire, as well as distribution transformer costs. Electric Bill Courtesy of BetterBricks

14. Interval Data: Energy Usage data that is time stamped in intervals Technically- your monthly bill is interval data, but the interval is somewhat less than desired. It has an interval of 28-33 days depending on the month and the billing cycle. The data is much more meaningful in intervals of 1 hour or less. 15 minute interval data is probably the smallest increment you will need. What is interval data? Courtesy of BetterBricks

15. Local Utility Energy Supplier Energy Management System (EMS) Switchboard/Switchgear Manufacturer Submeters or other privately owned meters Getting Interval Data

16. Energy Calculations kW time Load profile showing demand vs time The area under the curve is the Energy (kWh) used. From www.BetterBricks.com

17. Calendar Summary

18. Scheduling Optimum / Start Stop Staging Occupant After Hours Use Typical Problems identified

19. Weekends Weekdays Using Interval Data for Discovery From www.BetterBricks.com

20. High School 50 kW What was happening? Saturday Evening? 60 kW

21. Actions to Take 21 1.Download and review load profiles for all sites. 2.Identify and investigate anomalies

22. Engagement Activity Natalie to review PPL Electric Utilities Website Information

23. Engagement Activity View Load Profile: 1.Go To: https://www.pplelectric.com/https://www.pplelectric.com/ Enter Log in & Password 2.Select Account 3.On left, select View Daily Energy Use 4.Select drop down menu by Graph: Click Hourly Energy 5.Review Data Activity: 1.Review weekly data 2.Look at daily data 3.Answer these questions: 1.When are energy systems starting/stopping down? 2.What is the appropriate start/stop times? 3.What is the average nighttime demand? 4.How much energy do we use per day? 5.Are we running on holidays? 4.Report back to group 1.Did anything surprise you? 2.What looks unusual? 3.How can you use this going forward? 10 Minutes

24. Estimating Energy Savings from Scheduling Changes Note 1: No heating or cooling interaction factor Kill-A-Watt® Meter Kill-A-Watt ® Power Strip Single Phase True Power Data Logger

25. Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type 4 th Floor7 a.m. - 6 p.m.6 a.m. - 10 p.m.5100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8 # Fixtures ? Watts used per fixture ? Change in Annual On Hours ? Connected Load (kW) ? Estimating Energy Savings

26. Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type 4 th Floor7 a.m. - 6 p.m.6 a.m. - 10 p.m.5100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8 # Fixtures 100 Watts used per fixture 85 Change in Annual On Hours ? Connected Load (kW) ? Estimating Energy Savings Specific for ballast – Look up model number online (ballast label.) Or just use a reasonable average.

27. Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type 4 th Floor7 a.m. - 6 p.m.6 a.m. - 10 p.m.5100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8 # Fixtures 100 Watts used per fixture 85 Change in Annual On Hours 780 Connected Load (kW) ? Estimating Energy Savings Change daily into annual New Hours: 6 a.m. – 7 p.m. 3 hour reduction 52 Weeks per Year 5 Days per week Result 260 days with a 3 hour per day reduction: = 780 hours per year

28. Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type 4 th Floor7 a.m. - 6 p.m.6 a.m. - 10 p.m.5100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8 # Fixtures 100 Watts used per fixture 85 Change in Annual On Hours 780 Connected Load (kW) 8.50 Estimating Energy Savings

29. Location Occupied Hours Hours of Operation Days Per Week # Fix Fixture Type 4 th Floor7 a.m. - 6 p.m.6 a.m. - 10 p.m.5100 3 Lamp 32 Watt T8 # Fixtures 100 Watts used per fixture 85 Change in Annual On Hours 780 Connected Load (kW) 8.50 $663.00 @ $0.10 /kWh Estimating Energy Savings

30. End-Use kBtu per Sq.Ft. Heating 52.54 Cooling 1.71 Ventilation 6.73 Water Heating 5.57 Lighting 9.88 Cooking 0.49 Refrigeration 0.85 Office Equipment 0.21 Computer Use 1.47 Miscellaneous 3.66 TOTAL83.11 Middle Atlantic Schools End-Use

31. 31 Energy Audit Equipment & Tools

32. Important Safety Notes Do not install electrical measuring equipment (e.g. data loggers, volt meters, amp probes, power meters) unless: Licensed electrician Approval received An electrical safety course is recommended Equipment

33. Common Equipment Onset Hobo Data Logger, Current Transformer, Thermocouple True Power Meter Data Logger

34. Hobo Software

35. Exporting to Excel Plot Title: Gilbert Building # Date Time, GMT- 07:00Curr, Amps 14/25/2011 12:0421.31311.206 24/25/2011 12:1926.29411.938 34/25/2011 12:3421.31320.581 44/25/2011 12:4920.28811.938 54/25/2011 13:0421.466.958 64/25/2011 13:1919.40912.524 74/25/2011 13:3421.0216.958 84/25/2011 13:4919.9956.958 94/25/2011 14:0424.3918.677 104/25/2011 14:1918.6777.104 114/25/2011 14:3419.70216.479 124/25/2011 14:4925.41514.282 134/25/2011 15:0419.26324.829 144/25/2011 15:1917.7989.741 154/25/2011 15:3420.5817.104 164/25/2011 15:4922.3396.958 174/25/2011 16:0420.5816.958 184/25/2011 16:1917.79812.671 194/25/2011 16:3423.21813.403

36. Common equipment: Equipment Thermal imaging camera Kill A Watt meter Infrared thermometer

37. Data logging: One leg Average voltage Equipment

38. Single Phase Power = Volts x Amps x Power Factor Three Phase Power ( Balanced Circuit ) = Volts average x Amps(1 phase) x Power Factor x √3 Energy Used kWh = kW x Hours Operated Calculating Electrical Power & Energy

39. Simple – amps over time and one-time voltage Example Calculation: Three phase power Average 20.5 Amps, 462 Volts 0.75 Power Factor (estimated) kW = Amps x Volts x 1.73 x Power Factor ÷ 1000 kW = 20.5 Amps x 462 Volts x 1.73 x 0.75 ÷ 1000 kW = 12.3 kW Energy Calculations 39

40. Converting kW to kWh: Assume Amp readings every 15 minutes kWh = (15 min / 60 min) * kW kWh = 0.25*12.3 kW kWh = 3.075 Energy Calculations

41. Actions to Take 1.Complete internal Opportunity Assessments for all remaining sites 2.Identify available technical and financial resources for further analysis Complete appropriate analysis for all potentially viable opportunities 3.Implement as appropriate

42. Questions & Answer 1.Any Questions on: 1.Audits 2.Energy Analysis 3.Calculations

43. Next Steps Complete Awareness Survey Implement Awareness Program Complete Energy Policy & Decide on communication. Attend Energy Champ Update on November 18 h Connduct Team Meetings. Review Energy Bill & Load Profile Update MT&R models. Send to SEG and communicate with team

44. Activity Calendar ActivityScheduleVenue PY5 ( until May 2014) 1CEI KickoffMonday April 7, 2014Workshop-PPL EU 2Energy Policy & TeamMay 6, 2014Webinar 3Building Operation AssessmentApril, May & JuneIndividual Onsite PY6 (June 2014- May 2015) 4MT&RJuly 1, 2014Workshop- TBD 5MT&R model updates/handoffsMonth of AugustIndividual 6Midterm Progress ReportSeptember 9, 2014Webinar 7Employee AwarenessOctober 7, 2014Webinar 8Energy Analysis & AuditsNovember 4, 2014Webinar 9BenchmarkingJanuary 6, 2015Webinar 10Roll Out PlanMarch 3, 2015Webinar 11Strategic Energy Mgt. PlanApril 7, 2015Webinar 12Final ReportMay 5, 2015Workshop-PPL EU PY7 (June 2015- May 2016) 13 Second EMAJune 2015 – August 2015Individual 14MT&R Model for additional buildingMay 2015- December2015Individual 15Update SEMPJanuary 2016- May2016Individual 16Implement Roll Out PlanJune 2015- May 2016Individual

45. Round Table

46. Contact Information Auralia Lundquist, Implementation Manager Direct: 484-224-2967 Mobile: 610-703-5716 Auralia@strategicenergygroup.com