1. Warm Up
Answer the following questions based on the map, Revolutions in Europe, 1848 (p. 594):
a. Which revolution site lies closest to the 40 degrees N latitude line?
b. Which island has the southernmost revolution location?
c. Name two sites of revolution in France.
d. Name the kingdom located in southern Italy.

2. How did liberalism impact the revolutions of 1848?
Essential Question
How did liberalism impact the revolutions of 1848?

3. Reaction and Revolution

4. Old Order
After the defeat of Napoleon, European leaders tried to restore the old order

5. Congress of Vienna
Great Britain
Austria
Prussia
Russia

6. Congress of Vienna Met in Sept. 1814
Led by Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria)

7. Congress of Vienna Principle of legitimacy
Monarchs of royal families who ruled before Napoleon would have their thrones returned

8. Congress of Vienna
Tried to balance the map of Europe so no one country became too powerful

9. Conservative Rule Against revolutions
Favored obedience to political rulers
Based on tradition and stability

10. Principle of Intervention
Great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions
Goal = restore the monarchy

11. Forces for Change in Europe
Liberalism
Nationalism

12. Liberalism
People should be as free from government restraint as possible
Protection of natural rights/civil liberties – guaranteed by a written document

13. Liberalism Favored government by a constitution
Believed only men who owned property should have a right to vote

14. Nationalism
Nation = community with common traditions, languages, customs
People owe loyalty to the nation rather than the dynasty

15. Revolutions
Beginning in 1830, conservative power in Europe began to break down

16. Belgium
Broke with the Dutch Republic
Became its own state in 1815

17. France 1848 – monarchy overthrown in another revolution
Set up a republic
Universal male suffrage – all men can vote

18. France 1848 – first president elected
Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew)

19. German Confederation 38 independent German states
Prussia and Austria were the strongest

20. Austrian Empire Led by a Hapsburg emperor
Many small revolutions, crushed by the army