1. Plant Anatomy

2. Most plants consists of 3 main parts:
1. Roots: penetrate the soil to anchor plant and reach water source
2. Stems: supply rigid tissue that raise and support the leaves
3. Leaves: provide greater surface area to carry out photosynthesis

3. The plant kingdom is divided into 2 major groups:
1. Vascular Plants:
Well developed root, leaves and stem system to conduct solutions throughout the plant; contain vascular tissue
2. Non-Vascular Plants:
have no or poorly developed roots, leaves and stems

4. Common Ancestor
Vascular and Non- Vascular plants probably arose from common ancestor: BLUE-GREEN ALGAE
Both use starch as their primary food source
Cellulose in cell wall
Use chlorophylls a & b during photosynthesis

5. Non-Vascular Plants
Lack vascular tissue to carry water and dissolved substances throughout the plant
Ex. mosses
Require moist environment
Can have impersonators!!
Restricted in size because no vascular tissue to support them or transport water upward

6. Vascular Plants
Plants that contain vascular tissue to transport nutrients
Xylem = transports water
Phloem = transports organic matter
Two types: seedless and seed plants

7. Vascular Plants - Seedless
Have vascular tissue
Do no produce seeds
Examples: Whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns

8. Vascular Plants – Seed Plants
Gymnosperms
Form seeds without a seed coat
Seeds are attached to the scales of cones
Ex. conifers in Canada

9. Vascular Plants – Seed Plants
Angiosperms
Flowering plant that forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary
Seeds either have one or two embryonic seed leaves called COTYLEDONS
Ex. trees, grasses, vegetables, wildflowers, herbs

10. Angiosperms ADVANTAGES: HUGE number of angiosperm species
Seed dispersal (apples, burrs, maple keys)
Protection
HUGE number of angiosperm species
Grouped into 2 sections:
Moncots (1 cotyledon)
Dicots (2 cotyledons)

12. Monocots vs. Dicots Monocots Seed leaves: one cotyledon
Veins in leaves: usually parallel
Vascular bundles: scattered
Flower parts: multiples of 3
Examples: grasses, orchids, lilies, tulips
Dicots
Seed leaves: two cotyledons
Veins in leaves: usually netlike
Vascular bundles: arranged in ring
Flower parts: multiples of 4 or 5
Examples: most trees, wildflower species, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes

13. Summary

14. Vascular Systems Vascular Bundles
Transport material within the plant via stem
Dicots = ring of vascular bundles
Monocots = scattered vascular bundles
Tube-like strands connecting vascular tissue of roots to vascular tissue of leaves

15. MONOCOTS DICOTS

16. Xylem vs. Phloem Xylem: Phloem: Transportation of food → TRANSLOCATION
Transportation of water
Non-living cells
Phloem:
Transportation of food → TRANSLOCATION
Living Cells