1. Simple Vascular Plants
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Pteridophytes (Ferns)

2. Seedless Vascular Plants

3. Divisions Not for examinations Psilophyta – Whisk ferns
Lycophyta – Club mosses
Sphenophyta – horsetails
Pteridophyta - ferns

4. Ferns Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants
Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic)
Can asexually reproduce by Rhizomes (underground stems)
Rhizome

5. Ferns Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves
Fronds
Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves
Roots and stems underground
Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole

8. the fiddle head coming off the rhizomes.

9. Parts of the Fern Sporophyte

10. Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Have true leaves and roots
Leaves are called fronds
New leaves are coiled in a bud

11. Characteristics of Pteridophytes
Roots are fibrous
Anchor the plant
And absorb water and minerals
Grow out of the rhizome (horizontal stem) that grows partially underground

12. Characteristics of Pteridophytes
Have vascular tissue
Xylem, tracheids and phloem

13. Characteristics of Pteridophytes
Reproduce by means of spores
Spore cases called sporangia are found on the underside of sporophylls
Sporangia often occur in clusters called sori

15. Characteristics of Pteridophytes
Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil & germinate into a prothallus (tiny independent gametophyte) that produces gametes
Prothallus

16. Ferns The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage
Archegonia (eggs)
The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage
Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived
Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on gametophyte
Sperm swims to egg to fertilize
Antheridia Sperm
Prothallus

17. Characteristics of pteridophytes
Produce motile male gametes
Rely on water for fertilisatiom
Fern Prothallus with archegonia Fern sperm cell

18. Egg cells are produced in archegonia
Fern Archegonia.

19. Page 44

21. Uses for Ferns Help prevent erosion Fiddleheads are eaten as food
EXTRA
Help prevent erosion
Fiddleheads are eaten as food
Ornamental plants for yards and homes
Helped form coal deposits millions of years ago

22. TO DO
Page 38: Learning Activity 2

23. THE END