1. Light Microscopy Bright Field Fluorescence Phase-Contrast Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)

2. Electron Microscopy (EM) Scanning EM Transmission EM

3. Chemical Composition of Cells Pg. 58

4. Pg. 79

5. Chemical Bond Energies

6. Gene Expression

7. Monomer/Polymer

8. Nitrogenous Bases of DNA and RNA Pg. 76

9. Pg. 175

11. 3’ 5’

12. 0.34 nm Pg. 171 Major Groove Minor Groove

13. Supercoiled DNA Non-supercoiled DNA (relaxed)

14. Werner Syndrome 15 yrs. 48 yrs. Mutation in gene encoding RecQ helicase

15. Pg. 175

16. 3’ 5’

17. Human Karyotype Pg. 179

18. RNA Molecules 5’ 3’

20. Pg. 74

21. (Pgs. 74-75) Amino Acid Side Chains

24. Extra carbon atom!

25. ß-Sheet alpha-helix

26. Hydrophobic Interactions in Tertiary Structure

27. Representations of Protein Tertiary Structure Backbone Ribbon Wire Frame Space Filling Pg. 132

28. Quaternary Structure Pg. 141

29. Chloride Ion Channel Protein

30. Comparison of Protein Primary Structure Cyclin-dependent Kinase Proteins

34. Gene Expression Pg. 230

35. Pg. 202 RNA Synthesis OH

36. Pg. 233

37. 1 µm Pg. 233

38. Fig. 7-20

39. Exon/Intron Organization of Eukaryotic Genes Pg. 238

41. Sequence Structure of Introns

42. Pg. 239

43. Pg. 241 Alternative Splicing

44. Pg. 237 5’ Guanine Cap Structure

45. Cytosol Nucleus Mitochondria Secreted ER Golgi Endosome Lysosome Transmembrane

48. Reading Frames in RNA

51. tRNA Synthetase tRNA Amino Acid Synthetase (blue) Editing Domain

52. “Editing” by tRNA Synthetase

54. Large Subunit RNA Secondary Structure

55. Small Ribosomal Subunit Pg. 253

56. 3’ mRNA Structure

57. Pg. 253 Initiation of Translation

58. Pg. 252

59. tRNA Release Factor (RF)

61. Co-translational Protein Folding

62. Protein Folding by “Chaperones”

65. Transcriptional Activator Transcriptional Repressor

66. Pg. 257 Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation Proteasome Amino acids + Ub Protein Ub-Ub-Ub Protein + Ub Ubiquitin Ligase

68. Coding and catalysis Coding Coding intermediate

69. Superficial Infections Systemic Infections Fungal Disease

70. Onochomycosis

71. AN2690 Structure

72. Figure 1A

73. Figure 1B

74. Figure 3 AN2690