1. SC STANDARD B-4 STUDENTS WILL DEMONSTRATE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF HEREDITY

2. EQ: HOW WOULD YOU COMPARE TRANSCRIPTION &TRANSLATION? Notebook: page 98

3. are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell.

4. single stranded nucleic acid 5-carbon sugar is ribose Phosphate group 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases: 1. adenine 2. guanine 3. cytosine 4. uracil

5. 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries copies of instructions for assembling proteins from the gene (in nucleus)  ribosomes (in cytoplasm or RER)

6. single strand of nucleotides read in groups of 3 called codons look at the 2 codons on this slide: What sequence of nucleotides on DNA did this segment of mRNA come from?

7. with proteins make up ribosomes ribosomes made of 2 subunits: 30S and 50S

8. transfers each of the amino acids to the ribosome as is specified by the code in mRNA one end has the anticodon other end the a.a.

9. anticodon: group of 3 bases that are complimentary to the codon on mRNA

10. TRANSCRIPTION INVOLVES TRANSCRIBING (copying) THE CODE IN DNA MAKING mRNA INVOLVES TRANSLATING the CODE into AMINO ACIDS  POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS  PROTEINS mRNA, tRNA, rRNA TRANSLATION

11. mRNA molecules are made by copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complimentary (C’) sequence in mRNA Steps: 1. RNA Polymerase opens DNA 2.RNA Polymerase uses 1 of the DNA strands as template uses C’ base pair rules

12. RNA Polymerase binds to DNA at certain points called “promoters”

13. after unwinding a short portion of the double helix, RNA Polymerase moves along 1 of the DNA strands making a strand of RNA using base-pair rules except there is no T in RNA: A is paired with U (Uracil)

16. RNA Polymerase moves along the DNA until it hits a signal to stop. this strand of RNA is called pre-mRNA

17. portions of DNA called introns do not code for proteins DNA portions that code for proteins called exons. introns get cut out of pre-mRNA and the exons get spliced together http://www.dnalc.org/view/16938-3D- Animation-of-RNA-Splicing.html http://www.dnalc.org/view/16938-3D- Animation-of-RNA-Splicing.html

19. http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html

20. is the “language” of the mRNA instructions written in a language that only has 4 “letters”: G, C, A, & U must code for 20 amino acids is read 3 letters at a time every 3 consecutive letters codes for 1 of the 20 a.a., a start signal, or a stop

22. codon: is a “word” in the code consists of 3 consecutive nucleotides that specify an a.a., a stop, or a start

23. Page of Notebook: “Crack the Code” Quick Lab from page 303 of textbook

24. cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins

25. Step 1 mRNA attaches to ribosome 1 st codon codes for methionine tRNA with anticodon complimentary to codon in mRNA attaches to ribosome, delivering correct a.a. Step 2

26. Step 3 peptide bond forms between a.a brought to ribosome by 1 st & 2 nd tRNA ribosome only holds 2 tRNA so 1 st one leaves ribosome as 3 rd one “docks” Process repeated until “stop” codon Step 4

27. Step 5 polypeptide chain falls off ribosome Ribosome free to start another peptide chain http://www.wisc- online.com/Objects/Vie wObject.aspx?ID=AP130 2 http://www.wisc- online.com/Objects/Vie wObject.aspx?ID=AP130 2 Animation

28. TRANSCRIPTION DNA  mRNA nucleus mRNA  cytoplasm or RER mRNA + ribosome + tRNA  protein TRANSLATION

29. Handout: Genetic Code for Keratin Page of Notebook Answer questions 1-4