1. WMO OMM Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Presentation to the 26 th CEOS Plenary at Bengaluru, India 24-27 October, 2012 -- Challenges and Opportunity to the Space Community Wenjian Zhang, Director, Observing and Information Systems Department Director, WMO Space Programme, WMO

2. 2 A historic event (31 Aug – 4 Sept, 2009, Geneva)

3. WMO OMM The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)—A New Partnership Process

4. WMO OMM 4 WMO Cg-16 (2011) Decisions on Five Key Priorities for 2012-2015 Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) WMO Integrated Global Observing System/WMO Information System (WIGOS/WIS) Capacity building Disaster Risk Reduction Aeronautical meteorology

5. GFCS Implementation Plan Chapter 1: Introduction Annex 1: UIP Chapter 2: Benefits from GFCS Annex 2: CSIS Chapter 3: Issues to be addressed Annex 3: Obs & Mon in implementation Annex 4: Res & Mod Chapter 4: Implementation priorities Annex 5: Cap Dev Chapter 5: Enabling mechanism Chapter 6: Resources mobilization Exempl.: Water Chapter 7: Conclusions and Exempl.: Dis.Risk Red. recommendations Exempl.: Health Exempl.: Agric./Food Security 5

6. Governance Structure 6

7. 7 Consultation meetings 7 User Interface Platform oAgricultural, Food Security and Water sectors (September 2011, FAO, Rome) oDisaster Risk Reduction and Health Stakeholders –WHO (November 2011) Climate Services Information System — (April 2011) Observations and Monitoring (Chairman: Dr T. Mohr) o1st meeting for WMO and WMO cosponsored programs (GCOS, WCRP, UNSCO/IOC..) (August 2011) o2nd meeting addressing the user communities (in agriculture, Water, health, DRR, Space Agencies ) (December 2011) Capacity Building — Requirements of NMHSs for the GFCS (October 2011) http://www.wmo.int/gfcs

8. WMO OMM The following key challenges have been identified through widespread consultations with experts of key communities (similarity of challenges with GCOS) Accessibility: many countries do not have climate services at all, and all countries have scope to improve access to such services. Capacity: many countries lack the capacity to anticipate and manage climate related risks and opportunities. Data: the current availability and quality of climate observations and impacts data are inadequate for large parts of the globe. Partnership: interactions between climate service users and providers are not always well developed, and user requirements are not always adequately understood and addressed. Quality: operational climate services are lagging advances in climate and applications sciences, and the spatial and temporal resolution of information is often insufficient to match user requirements.

9. WMO OMM GFCS needs –Systemic observations Observing the Earth as a Total System Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling InfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature CurrentsInfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature Currents Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Land Ocean Atmosphere

10. WMO OMM 1979 The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2 million years.

11. WMO OMM 2003 The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2 million years.

12. WMO OMM Tiksi, Russia Alert, CanadaBarrow, Alaska Eureka, Canada Summit, Greenland Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Establishing Intensive Atmospheric Observatories In the Arctic

13. WMO OMM INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL CLIMATE, GREENHOUSE GASES, AEROSOLS, GAS-PHASE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS, LAND USE, AND THE WATER SYSTEM

14. WMO OMM Research, Modeling & Assessments Observations & Monitoring Adaptation & Mitigation Resource Risk Management Climate Services Climate Services will Require an Unprecedented Level of Collaboration

15. WMO OMM 15 The GFCS initially focused priority areas Provide opportunities for new partnership to address new observational requirements through user communities Agriculture Water Health Disaster Risk Reduction http://www.wmo.int/gfcs

16. Exemplary Grand Challenges: Droughts Satellite monitoring of soil moisture can support argiculture/food secruity, DRR, Water and health 16 WCRP Workshop on Drought Predictability and Prediction in a Changing Climate Barcelona, March 2011 Three Major Recommendations: 1. Drought Catalogue Summarizing key drivers of global drought events. 2. Case Studies Focusing on large-scale and regional issues in areas where drought is a key issue. 3. Develop Drought Early Warning System

17. WMO OMM Why should the health sector engage? Meteorological conditions affect some of the largest disease burdens: - Undernutrition kills 3.5 million/yr - Diarrhoea kills 2.2 million/yr - Malaria kills 900,000/yr -Hydrometeorological extremes kill 10s of thousands, and cause multiple other health effects

18. © World Meteorological Organization 90% of events 70% of casualties 75% of economic losses Hydro-met and climate related! Global Distribution of Disasters Caused by Natural Hazards and their Impacts (1980-2007) Source: EM- DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database - www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgiumc Economic losses Loss of life Number of events

19. © World Meteorological Organization While economic losses are on the way up! Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database Loss of life from hydro- meteorological disasters are decreasing!

20. © World Meteorological Organization National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems need strong support from space observations National to local disaster risk reduction plans, legislation and coordination mechanisms 1 2 34 © World Meteorological Organization

21. Space Architecture The satellite operators represented in CEOS and CGMS, and WMO and GEO agreed early 2011 to develop an architecture for monitoring climate from space. The architecture will have the following functional components: - Analysis of user requirements - Observing capacities - ECV product generation - Data management, access and dissemination - User interface - Coordination and governance 21

22. 12 GCOS Require- ments Other require- ments, e.g. GFCS Climate System Monitor. GFCS UNFCC, IPCC CEOS and CGMS members are the backbone of the Space Architecture

23. WMO OMM W MO I NTEGRATED G LOBAL O BSERVING S YSTEM (WIGOS) WMO Global Observing Systems  Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS)  RBSN, RBCN (>10,000 stations,1,000 upper-air)  AMDAR (39754/day)  Ship & Marine obs (30417/day)  Surface-based remote sensing  Meso-scale networks  WMO Space Programme  Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW)  World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)  WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems  GCOS, GOOS, GTOS

24. WMO OMM Need an Integrated Global Observing System meet all requirements  WMO Congress-15/16 decisions to Implement W MO I NTEGRATED G LOBAL O BSERVING S YSTEM (WIGOS) The key word of WIGOS = Integration The whole is more than the sum of the parts--Aristotle

25. WMO OMM 25 WMO with its Members, bodies and co-sponsored programmes will provide only a component needed to build the framework GFCS is a global collective effort being built in collaboration with UN family and GEO, Space partners (CEOS & CGMS) and all relevant stakeholders A Space Architecture: a key component of GFCS. The contribution of WMO to the Development of GFCS http://www.wmo.int/gfcs WIS

26. WMO OMM Great advances in Global and Regional Numerical Weather Forecasts: Credit of WMO Further advances in the Realm of Climate need broader international collaborations

27. WMO OMM The 26 th CEOS Plenary – Bengaluru, India - 24-27 October, 2012 Thank you Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Office For more information on GFCS, kindly contact: Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Office World Meteorological Organization Tel: 41.22.730.8579 Fax: 41.22.730.8037 Email: gfcs@wmo.int http://www.wmo.int/gfcs

28. WMO OMM Different Views of Requirements Datasets Products Observation & Monitoring Instruments Specifications: Instrument type, Orbit, Scanning mode, Spectral bands, Channel width, SNR, … Observational requirements: Geophysical variable, Unit, Domain, Spatial resolution, Temporal resolution, Uncertainty … Source, Format, Projection, Segmentation, Quality flag, Compression, Metadata… Product requirements: Type (numerical, graphical, binary, alert), Algorithm, Spatial/temporal resolution, Quality control Service requirements: Content, Presentation, Delivery media, Timeliness, Continuity, User support, Training,.. Services USERS’ needs USERS’ satisfaction

29. WMO OMM Space Architecture (3) 13 A first step is to document the current and planned implementation arrangements, ECV-by-ECV, by the individual satellite agencies. (An inventory of the current and planned long-term production of Thematic Climate Data Records at the level of individual satellite agencies).

30. WMO OMM 30 Architecture (4) The next step will be the identification of the satellite constellations in terms of instruments and orbits required for providing the relevant satellite data sets for the production of ECVs and extreme events In parallel some considerations on the necessary governance structure for the implementation phase is needed