1. Chapter 8 Environmental Science
Human Population
Chapter 8
Environmental Science

2. The Central Case China’s One-Child Policy
How does the human population affect the environment?

3. Section 1
Objectives
1. Describe how technological advances have contributed to human population growth
2. Explain recent trends in population growth
3. Identify characteristics of human population that are studied by demographics

4. Section 1
Human population has undergone tremendous growth that dwarfs all previous growth during our 200,000 years of existence.
The world population hit 1 billion about 1800, but now is about 6.8 billion as of 2010.
What is the largest population that Earth can sustain???.....

5. Section 1 Agricultural Revolution
Around __________________ years ago human societies changed from ___________________ to _____________________.
Results: 1. 2 3 4

6. Section 1 Industrial Revolution Began in _________________
Shift from _____________ life to ___________ life.
Led to these improvements: 1. 2 3

7. Section 1
Sanitation
Louis Pasteur:
Things we learned: 1. 2. 3. 4.

8. Section 1
Medical Technology
Things we learned: 1. 2.

9. Section 1 Changes in Agriculture Things that changed: Real Data lab 1.2. 3.
Real Data lab

10. Section 1 Recent Trends in Human Population Growth
________________ is the number of babies out of 1000 that die during their first year of life.
_________________ is the average number of years an individual is expected to live.

11. Section 1
______________ is how the population changes in size during a specific period of time.
Since the 1960’s the population rate has slowed from 2.1% to 1.2%
Rule of 72: divide 72 by the growth rate to determine how quickly a population will double.

12. Section 1
Figure 4
Growth rate varies by region – in fact some populations are actually decreasing.
Ex: Germany and Russia

13. Section 1
Demography
The study of human population statistics is called __________________.
They use the same terminology we used earlier: 1. 2. 3.

14. Section 1 Population size Changes every second Population density
Global densities
Population densities are highest in regions with _____________________.
Population densities are lowest in regions with _____________________.

15. Section 1 Population densities Population distribution
_______________ are more densely populated than regions ___________________
Regional densities
___________________ are more densely populated than __________________ areas.
Population distribution
Human population is ____________ rather than _______________ or ___________________.

16. Section 2
Objectives
1. Describe total fertility rates and replacement fertility
2. Explain how the age structure and sex ratio of a population define its potential for growth
3. Describe the demographic transition
4. Discuss social factors that affect population growth

17. Section 2 Predicting population growth
Some scientists predict the world’s population may reach 9 billion by 2050……others project it could reach 10.5 billion by then.
That is a big range……..so how do demographers make theses predictions?????

18. Section 2
Scientists use the same statistics ecologists use to describe ecological populations: 1 2 3 4

19. Section 2 Fertility rate
_______________ refers to the number of children a female member of a population has during her lifetime.
In the past the total fertility rate has been ___.
Recently it has _______ in many regions of the world
The total fertility rate for a nation that would keep its population size stable: ____________

20. Section 2
Age Structure and Sex Ratios
Figure 9
Quick Lab

21. Section 2 The Demographic Transition
The shift from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates
This is a 4-stage process 1 2 3 4

22. Section 2 Pre-industrial Stage The Transitional Stage
both death rates and birth rates are _______
Why??
These populations are not likely to see much ________________.
The Transitional Stage
Led by _________________
Birth rates are ______, death rates ___________
Population ____________

23. Section 2 The Industrial Stage
Increases ___________ outside the home, especially for ______________.
____________children are born.
Birthrates ______________
Population growth ___________

24. Section 2 The Post-Industrial Stage
Both birthrates and deathrates ____
The population __________

25. Section 2 Social Factors
What social factors affect a nation’s population growth????
List them…..

26. Section 2 These factors also affect a country’s population growth: 1.2. 3.

27. Section 2 Developing Nations Definition:
Tend to have higher ____________, ___________________, and _______________.
Life expectancy is ______________.
Reasons: ___________, ______________, ________________, _______________.
But, population growth of these nations _________ that of developed nations.

28. Section 2 Developing countries National policies: Empowering women 1.3 4
Empowering women

29. Section 2 Developed nations
Developed countries tend to have lower population growth, but they tend to have MUCH higher resource consumption.
1 American can have as much environmental impact as 5 Chinese or 13 Pakistanis.
So, who is the bigger threat to the environment??????

30. Section 3 Objectives 1. Describe how humans impact their environments
2. Discuss the negative and positive impacts of technology.

31. Section 3 Impacts of population Affluent societies
Tend to use more 1 2 3 4
Affluent countries tend to have higher _______________________.

32. Section 3 Poor Societies Put different stresses on their environment
Overwhelmed governments
Land overuse
Land clearing

33. Section 3
The Wealth Gap
The difference between affluent countries and poor countries.
Leads to different social and environmental stress
Refers to the difference in assets and income between individuals or nations.
Figure 16

34. Section 3
Quality of life
What determines quality of life?

35. Section 3
Impacts of technology
Negative impacts 1. 2 3 4

36. Section 3
Impacts of technology
Positive impacts 1 2 3