1. Advanced Imaging Technology Radar Security Sensing Shiva Nathan, Westford Academy Lingrui Zhong, Lexington High School Prof. Carey Rappaport, Electrical and Computer Engineering

2. Goal ● Design a multistatic radar system for higher definition ● Walk-through scans ● More security and convenience while non-disruptive

3. Radar Basics ● Transmission and reception of radio waves ● Monostatic vs. multistatic ● Wide signal range: ~120º

4. Previous: X-Ray ● X-Ray backscatter o Generate ionizing rays o Analyze reflections of rays ● Privacy concerns ● Currently for luggage only

5. Current Situation ● Portal Based Millimeter-wave scanner ● Analyzes reflected radio waves o Slows down passenger movement o Low success detection rate o Requires more transmitters and receivers for high-quality images

6. Terahertz-Wave Scans ● Submillimeter-wave scan ● 1,000,000,000,000 cycles/second - 1 trillion hertz ● Health concerns: o Resonant effects could unzip DNA o Interfere with DNA replication and gene expression o POTENTIAL THEORIZED RESULTS ONLY

7. Design

8. Assignments ● Generating outlines of object based on radar reflections ● Simulating movement of radar waves for the two systems 2-dimensionally using MATLAB ● Assisting construction of prototype

9. MATLAB ● Programming language for mathematical operations ● Multi-operation, multi-input calculations

10. Portal System Simulation Object contour based on radar reflections ● Monostatic ● Tangent points ● Spline

11. New System Simulation ● Simulate movement of radar around ideal body o Shows unreflected pathways ● Visualise radar

12. Prototype Construction ● Cross-section torso simulation in hypothetical 2-D setting

13. Analysis ● Algorithms created accurate simulations with very little input ● Worked best with graphable objects ● Multistatic radar is theoretically superior ● Still need to develop multistatic prototype

14. Assignments ● Generating outlines of object based on radar reflections ● Simulating movement of radar waves for the two systems 2-dimensionally using MATLAB ● Assisting construction of prototype

15. Future Work ● Expand the simulations from 2D to 3D ● Simplify algorithm and implement object shapes beyond ellipses ● Add simulation of deflected pathway and more complex analysis ● Apply the simulation to the physical prototype

16. Special Thanks to: ● Dr. Carey Rappaport ● Masoud Rostami, Mohammad Nemati, Kurt Jaisle, Jake Messner ● YSP director: Claire Duggan ● YSP coordinators: Maddy Leger, Maureen Cabrera Thanks for listening!

17. References ●Accardo, J., & Chaudhry, M. (2014). Radiation exposure and privacy concerns surrounding full-body scanners in airports. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 198-200. ●Alexandrov, B., Gelev, V., Bishop, A., Usheva, A., & Rasmussen, K. (2009). DNA breathing dynamics in the presence of a terahertz field. Physics Letters A, 1214-1217. ●Gonzalez-Valed, B., Martinez-Lorenzo, J., & Rappaport, C. (2014). On-the-Move Active Millimeter Wave Interrogation System Using a Hallway of Multiple Transmitters and Receivers [Powerpoint slides]. ●X-ray backscattering image: http://techfreep.com/images/backscatter.jpghttp://techfreep.com/images/backscatter.jpg ●Multistatic diagram: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Multistatic_system.jpghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Multistatic_system.jpg ●Mm-wave diagram: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weapons-revealed/.http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/weapons-revealed/

18. Questions?