1. THE AHSGE-Reading Things you need to know for graduation!

2. Identifying Supporting Details Facts, reasons, examples are details that support the main idea Facts, reasons, examples are details that support the main idea Details are based on 5WH: who, what, when, where, why, and how Details are based on 5WH: who, what, when, where, why, and how

3. Tips for locating details Read the passage carefully Read the passage carefully Scan the passage to answer the questions of the 5WH Scan the passage to answer the questions of the 5WH Match key words in answers with passage info Match key words in answers with passage info Always confirm your answer by going back to the passage Always confirm your answer by going back to the passage

4. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS Purpose: make connections between events, observations, or instructions in a passage Purpose: make connections between events, observations, or instructions in a passage 3 types: chronological (time) order 3 types: chronological (time) order order of importance order of importance spatial order spatial order

5. Sequence of Events (cont.) Key words in CHRONOLOGICAL order Key words in CHRONOLOGICAL order first, second, third first, second, third before, next, then before, next, then after, until, last, later after, until, last, later between, now, then between, now, then during, when during, when

6. Sequence of Events (cont.) Key terms for order of IMPORATANCE Key terms for order of IMPORATANCE most importantly, least importantly most importantly, least importantly moreover, also, in addition moreover, also, in addition most of all, least of all most of all, least of all first, second, third, finally first, second, third, finally

7. Sequence of Events (cont.) Key terms in SPATIAL order Key terms in SPATIAL order top, bottom top, bottom left, right left, right clockwise, counterclockwise clockwise, counterclockwise near, far near, far inside, outside inside, outside north, south, east, west north, south, east, west

8. FOLLOW DIRECTIONS Read the question CAREFULLY Read the question CAREFULLY What is the question asking you to do? What is the question asking you to do? Look for KEY words: Look for KEY words: before….should before….should if….should if….should next next

9. Main Idea 2 types of Main Ideas: 2 types of Main Ideas: Directly Stated Main Idea Directly Stated Main Idea Implied Main Idea Implied Main Idea

10. Directly Stated Main Idea Stated in the title Stated in the title Stated in the first sentence Stated in the first sentence Stated in the last sentence Stated in the last sentence

11. Implied Main Idea The main idea is not directly stated. The main idea is not directly stated. Implied means to gather based on facts or to infer. Implied means to gather based on facts or to infer. To infer the implied main idea: To infer the implied main idea: Combine the facts together Combine the facts together Draw a conclusion by summarizing the passage. Draw a conclusion by summarizing the passage.

12. Example of Implied Main Idea Outside, the wind was bitterly cold, and the snow was falling fast. Outside, the wind was bitterly cold, and the snow was falling fast. What season of the year is it? What season of the year is it? Winter Winter Cold and snow were hints that the season is winter. Cold and snow were hints that the season is winter. You take facts given to you and arrive at the implied main idea. You take facts given to you and arrive at the implied main idea.

13. Tip for finding Main Idea Switch the sentence around into a question. If the other sentences seem to "answer" the question, then you've got itthe main idea! Switch the sentence around into a question. If the other sentences seem to "answer" the question, then you've got itthe main idea!

14. Cause/Effect A cause is a reason for something happening A cause is a reason for something happening Ex: Tornadoes occur because weather conditions are just right. Ex: Tornadoes occur because weather conditions are just right. An effect is a result of that happening An effect is a result of that happening Ex: The result of the tornado was mass destruction. Ex: The result of the tornado was mass destruction.

15. Words that signal Causes Why, reason, because Why, reason, because Source, basis, due to Source, basis, due to Origin, cause Origin, cause

16. Words that signal Effects Affect, result, consequence Affect, result, consequence Outcome, product, aftermath, Outcome, product, aftermath, Therefore, effect Therefore, effect

17. FACT A statement that can be proven. A statement that can be proven. Ex: George Washinton was the first President of the United States. England is a country in Europe.

18. Opinion Opinions express a personal viewpoint or belief about a person, place, thing, idea, or event Opinions express a personal viewpoint or belief about a person, place, thing, idea, or event Opinion adjectives: best, worst, favorite, dishonest, etc. Opinion adjectives: best, worst, favorite, dishonest, etc. Opinions sometimes include: I think, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, etc. Opinions sometimes include: I think, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, etc.

19. Opinions (cont.) Ex: George Washington was the best leader. Ex: George Washington was the best leader. Ex: England is a beautiful country. Ex: England is a beautiful country.

20. Propaganda Uses facts and opinions to sell an idea or product Uses facts and opinions to sell an idea or product Ex: You should vote for our candidate! You wont be sorry. Ex: You should vote for our candidate! You wont be sorry.

21. Literary Elements Character: the people, animals in the story Plot: what the story is about Theme: the message or meaning Setting: time and location of the story Tone: the feeling or attitude conveyed to the reader Mood: the atmosphere of the story

22. Point of View First Person POV: tells the story from the I Third Person POV: writer tells the story describing the characters as he she him her Second Person POV: NO SUCH THING!!

23. Figurative Language Simile: comparison using like or as Ex: Love is like a wheel. Metaphor: direct comparison of two things Ex: Hate is fire. Imagery: words that paint a picture Ex: The lush, green grass waved in the cool night air.

24. Figurative Language (cont.) Personification: giving human qualities or characteristics to non-human things Ex: The arms of the trees reached upward to the gleeful heavens. Hyperbole: great exaggeration Ex: The quarterback threw a 10,000 yard pass.

25. Reference Material Thesaurus: a list of synonyms (same) and antonyms (opposites) Glossary: a list of specialized terms at the end of a book Index: a list of topics found at the back of the book Table of Contents: a list of topics found at the front of the book Bibliography: a list of sources used in the writing of the book

26. Reference Material (cont.) Title Page: contains the title of the book, the author, copyright info, publishing company, and publisher Preface: contains an explanation for the book Appendix: contains additional material not necessary to the text

27. Paragraph Structure Main Idea (topic of the paragraph) Topic sentence (the sentence that explains the paragraph) Supporting details (supports the topic sentence) Conclusion (clincher sentence) Irrelevant (does not belong)

28. Other Hints Read the directions carefully Read the questions first Read the passage Read the questions again Search for the answer Mark the right spot Take your time!!!