1. Technology Guide 1 Hardware

2. Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

3. Computer System Codes Memory size Speed Input Output CPU Primary storage Secondary storage Communication device

4. Codes ASCII EBCDIC

5. Memory Size Bit (binary digit), byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte

6. Speed Millisecond Microsecond Nanosecond Picosecond Megahertz (MHz)

7. Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation

8. Computer Types - Generations First generation: vacuum tubes Second generation: transistors Third generation: integrated circuits Fourth generation: very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits or ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) Fifth generation: massively parallel processing DNA computers Optical computers

9. Computer Types - Size Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Workstations Microcomputers –Desktop personal computers –Laptop computers/notebooks –Palmtop computers

10. Computer Types - Size Personal digital assistant Smart cards Network computers (NCs) Windows-based terminals (WBTs)

11. Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

12. Devices - CPU Microprocessor Control unit –Machine cycle (MIPS): instruction time and execution time –Clock speed: microcode (Megahertz MHz) Arithmetic-logic unit Primary storage –Random-access memory (RAM) –Block –Cache memory –Dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) –Read-only memory (ROM)

13. Devices - Buses Data bus Address bus Control bus Word length & width of the buses

14. Devices - Input Keyboard Mouse Touch Screen Light pen Joystick Scanners Voice Automated teller machines

15. Devices - Output Monitors Printers –Impact printers –Nonimpact printers Plotters Voice

16. Devices – Secondary Storage Magnetic tapes Magnetic disks –Redundancy Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) –Magnetic diskette Optical storage devices –Rewritable optical disks Compact disk –Read-only memory (CD-ROM) disks CD-writable (CD-W) CD-Rewritable (CD_RW) Digital video disk (DVD)

17. Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

18. Source Data Automation Point of sale terminals Bar code scanner Optical character reader Handwriting recognizers Voice recognizers Magnetic ink character readers Digital computer cameras

19. Agenda Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

20. Cost Speed Usage Compatibility Reliability Feature Future growth Vendor support

21. Points to Remember Computer system Computer types Devices Source data automation Selection Criteria

22. Discussion Questions What is the usage of the following different type of computer? –Supercomputers –Mainframes –Minicomputers –Workstations –Microcomputers Desktop personal computers Laptop computers/notebooks Palmtop computers

23. Discussion Questions What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a department store such as Macy’s? What are the important criteria for purchasing the computer hardware for a elementary school?

24. Assignment Review technology guide 1 Read technology guide 2, 3, 4 Form group and prepare group list Group assignment Research paper