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Chapter 8 Mathematical Calculations Used in Pharmacology Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1
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Learning Objectives Compare the units used in the apothecary, metric, and household measures systems Use the apothecary system to convert from one measure to another Use the metric system to convert from one measure to another 2 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Learning Objectives (cont.) State the values of common household measures and their equivalents Use common abbreviations and symbols to interpret and solve medication problems 3 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Overview Three systems of weight and measure: Household Apothecary Metric 4 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Apothecary System Grains: gr (solids) Minim: m (liquids); Box 8-1 (dram and ounce) Lowercase Roman numerals Common fractions 5 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Metric System Decimal system Meter: m (length) Liter: L (volume) Gram: g (weight) Box 8-2 6 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Metric System (cont.) Converting Arabic numerals and decimal fractions Move decimal place to the right or left Metric prefixes 7 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Metric and Apothecaries’ Equivalents Conversion – fractions Rounding Approximate Equivalents (Box 8-3) Rules for Converting Between Apothecaries’ and Metric System (Box 8-4) 8 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Household Measures Liquid measure Arabic numerals Common Household Measures (Box 8-5) Rough equivalents to metric and apothecaries’ systems Conversions Among Household, Apothecary, and Metric Systems (Table 8-2, Box 8-6) 9 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Converting Temperature Readings Fahrenheit Celsius Formulas to convert 10 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Question 1 Which system uses grains for solids and minims for liquids? 1. Arabic system 2. Apothecaries’ system 3. Roman system 4. Metric system 11 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Question 2 50 mcg = __________ mg. 1. 500 2. 5000 3. 0.05 4. 0.005 12 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Question 3 A patient weighs 198 pounds. How much is this in kilograms? 1. 98 kg 2. 90 kg 3. 108 kg 4. 88 kg 13 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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