1. 1/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Value of non-market labour production of Spanish households in 2010 and its comparison with 2003 Raquel del Val Carlos Angulo INE (Spain)

2. 2/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 -Background -Value of non-market labour production of households: basic methodology -Time spent on labour production -Which wage? -Comparison of the values of non-market labour production of households between 2003 and 2010 -Concluding remarks Presentation

3. 3/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Background (1) –Spanish TUS 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 –Eurostat Manual on a Satellite Account of household production –The Spanish satellite account (by Casero & Angulo) –María Luisa Moltó, Ezequiel Uriel –María Ángeles Durán

4. 4/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Background (2) Spanish TUS: highlights Carried out by INE Follows the guidelines of Eurostat Population scope: people aged 10 years and older residing in family dwellings

5. 5/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Background (3) In the “household questionnaire” a module was introduced about household domestic service in order to find out the number of employees, their working hours and the wages paid to them. This information was not available in 2003.

6. 6/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Background (4) In 2003 we used the wages reported in the “individual questionnaire” by the people who themselves work in domestic service. This information is also available in the 2010 survey.  Problem: People tend to report lower income than actually received. Therefore it is possible that the 2003 satellite accounts are undervalued.  For the new satellite account we have to decide the source of information that we use and we hope this work will help us to make the right decision.

7. 7/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Value of the labour production (1) Input-based method (time used in household production estimated by time use surveys) An appropiate wage to value the time spent on these activities. TIME X WAGE = Net Added Value of non- market labour production of households

8. 8/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Principal functions of the non-market productive activities of households -Housing -Nutrition -Clothing -Care services -Transport -Volunteer work Value of the labour production (2)

9. 9/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Hours per year in millions Principal functionsWomenMenTotal Housing7,5583,69111,249 Nutrition12,7815,24518,025 Clothing4,4619735,434 Care6,1924,39610,588 Transport3,0532,3395,392 Volunteer work1,4611,0532,515 TOTAL 35,50617,69653,202 Value of the labour production (3)

10. 10/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution Principal functionsWomenMenTotal Housing141472121 Nutrition242410 3434 Clothing821010 Care12820 Transport6410 Volunteer work325 TOTAL 67 33100 Value of the labour production (4)

11. 11/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Principal functionsWomenMenTotal Housing212121212121 Nutrition 3630303434 Clothing131351010 Care17172520 Transport91310 Volunteer work465 TOTAL100 Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution by function Value of the labour production (5)

12. 12/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Principal functionsWomenMenTotal Housing 67 33100 Nutrition 71 29100 Clothing 82 18100 Care 58 42100 Transport 57 4343100 Volunteer work 58 42100 TOTAL 67 33100 Time spent on non-market productive activities. 2010 Percentage distribution by sex Value of the labour production (6)

13. 13/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Wages –We chose the “replacement cost” using the general wage for domestic workers paid by households, obtained from the results of the time use survey. –The net wage per hour worked amounts to €8.22. Value of the labour production (7)

14. 14/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Value of non-market productive activities of households in 2010. Million euros Principal functionsWomenMenTotal Housing62,12330,34092,463 Nutrition105,05643,112148,168 Clothing36,6727,99644,668 Care50,90036,13387,033 Transport25,09819,22344,320 Volunteer work12,0138,65720,670 TOTAL291,863145,460437,323 Value of the labour production (8)

15. 15/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Time spent on non-market productive activities. Hours per year in millions Principal functions WomenMenTotal 200320102003201020032010 Housing7,7847,5582,8463,69110,63011,249 Nutrition13,43112,7814,2695,24517,70118,025 Clothing4,6544,4617179735,3715,434 Care4,4656,1922,1634,3966,62810,588 Transport2,2493,0531,6592,3393,9075,392 Volunteer work1,2891,4618491,0532,1382,515 TOTAL33,87235,50612,50317,69646,37553,202 Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (1)

16. 16/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Time spent on non-market productive activities. Increase in percentage Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (2)

17. 17/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 First remarks (1) Two-thirds of non-market activities are carried out by women. In the last 7 years, the time spent on activities of non-market production of women has grown less than the time spent on these activities by men.

18. 18/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Time spent on non-market productive activities. Total Hours per year in billions Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (3) Population growth: 8.7% Increase of production per household:5.5%  14.7%

19. 19/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (4) Value of non-market productive activities of households as a percentage of GDP (wage declared by the domestic workers) (wage paid by households) 25.6% 30.5% 41.6%

20. 20/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Comparison between 2010 and 2003 (5) Value of non-market productive activities of households. Billion euros at 2003 constant prices (wage declared by the domestic workers) (wage paid by households)  in hours spent: 14.7% Real wages increase 3.5% 41.4%

21. 21/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Concluding remarks (1) The wages of domestic workers have only risen in real terms by 3.5%. This is probably due to an oversupply of foreign workers, both before and after the economic crisis. It is more realistic than an increase of 41%. However the optimum way to perform this assessment is to use a net wage calculated from the wages reported by the employers, because if we use the net wage declared by the recipients (who tend to declare a lower wage), we obtain an underestimated value of non-market production in 2010, as it occurred in 2003. Therefore we have to re-estimate the production of households of 2003.

22. 22/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 Concluding remarks (2) It is considered good practice to include in surveys of time use a specific module focused on domestic workers, in order to obtain the necessary information to estimate the satellite accounts of household production: wages paid, extra pay, hours work, etc.. The time use surveys could become an important tool for the estimation of these accounts, because they not only provide the time spent on these activities, but also wages that might be applied.

23. 23/23UNECE work session on gender statistics. Geneva, 12-14 March 2012 For more information: www.ine.es carlos.angulo.martin@ine.es