1. BELLWORK 1.Why did America want control of Hawaii? List at least three reasons. 2.How did the U.S. influence the government of Hawaii? 3.How were Queen Liliuokalani's views towards the U.S. different than the monarchs before her? 4.Explain the causes & effects of the January 1893 revolt. 5.Who was Sanford Dole? 6.How were the views of President Cleveland different than President McKinley regarding the annexation of Hawaii? 7.How did wartime pressures finally lead to the annexation of Hawaii? 8.THINKER: In your opinion, did the U.S. government make the right decision in their annexation of Hawaii. Why or why not? Was there a possible alternative?

2. REVOLT!!! January 16, 1893 Marines stormed the city and surrounded the royal palace U.S. recognized the provisional government that the revolutionaries formed. Revolutionaries appointed Sanford Dole as head At this point, there were serious divisions: –Hawaiians supported Queen Liliuokalani and followed the monarchy –Americans supported the Provisional government and claimed it had authority over everything

4. Hawaiian counter-revolt

5. SURRENDER!!! January 17, 1893 Queen Liliuokalani: “I yield to the superior force of the United States of America” The Ionlani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, but became the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii

6. Sanford Dole Dole even threatened Queen Liliuokalani with U.S. Naval force, if she did not comply

7. Queen Liliuokalani’s arrest 200 rebels were tried for treason Provisional government found the Queen guilty. Originally sentenced to: –Five years of hard labor –$5,000 –Sentence was eventually decreased to imprisonment in a bedroom of the palace While imprisoned, she wrote many famous songs (including the Queen’s Prayer) and wrote her memoir. Following her release, she served a year of house arrest before traveling to the U.S. to plead against annexation. She even attended President McKinley’s inauguration!

9. President McKinley “We need Hawaii just as much, and a good deal more than we did California, it is Manifest Destiny.”

11. Admission Day Ceremony; June 14, 1900

12. The flag of the Kingdom of Hawaii over Iolani Palace is lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation

13. Queen Liliuokalani, Princess Kaiulani, Prince David Kawananakoa shuttered up in Washington Place mourning on the day of the flag of Hawaii was lowered down for the last time after the Annexation of Hawaii to the United States

14. Discussion Senator Stephen White of California was an extreme anti-imperialist and led the filibuster over the annexation of Hawaii. He asked whether Americans forgot their own anti-colonial war for independence. What do you think he means by this? Was the situation in Hawaii similar to America’s independence from England? Or had times changed? Was imperialism more acceptable at the time? VS. Notice any similarities?!?!?

15. Venezuelan Crisis of 1895 Just after the U.S. officially annexed Hawaii, they were going to get involved in another region of the Americas…… VENEZUELA!! This crisis revolved around the long standing dispute with England over the territory of Guyana Essequibo, which Britain claimed as part of British Guiana and Venezuela saw as Venezuelan territory. Not only will the U.S. demonstrate imperialistic powers, but they also reinstate the power of the Monroe Doctrine!

16. This territory was disputed for over half a century, but it never called for conflict until………… GOLD WAS DISCOVERED!!!

17. Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and the river's drainage basin (shaded dark). Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into modern day Venezuela

18. U.S. was also concerned over British ships stationed in Nicaraguan ports