1. Rendering and Affect A look into emotive invariants through NPR

2. J.J. Gibson  “Ecological Psychology”  Theory of Affordances  Some affordances are biological, others are environmental  Perception is not mediated by memory (Medin 2001)

3. Invariants  They can reflect the stable properties of entities and properties of behaviors over time.  They can apply across a range of abstraction levels  They can be restricted in some way by the context (culture, task or environment)

4. Latent Knowledge  Knowledge we access unconsciously  Hardwired knowledge  Affects automated judgments  Not available to introspection

5. Why use non photorealistic rendering to explore these phenomena?  NPR gives psychologists more freedom represent structural information allowing them to discover invariants  NPR can be stylized in order to elicit affective responses   “NPR can effectively render objects and images in non- realistic styles without influencing primary feature binding processes necessary for basic object identification” (Halper 2004)

6. Evidence of cross-modal invariants TaketeUloomo (Davis 1961)

7. Invariants in motion   Brownian Motion Brownian Motion   Heider-Simmel experiments Heider-Simmel experiments

8. Interacting Cognitive Subsystems  A cognitive model of human information processing  Cognitition is an activity distributed between 9 subsystems  Distinguishes between propositional and implicational meaning  Propositional (Semantic network)  Implicational (Holistic, Affective, Ideational)

9. Sensory Subsystems: VISvisual ACacoustic BSproprioceptive Structural Subsystems: OBJobject (mental imagery) MPLmorphonolexical Meaning Subsystems PROPpropositional IMPLICimplicational Effector Subsystems: ARTarticulatory LIMmotion of limbs, eyes, etc.

10. Assessment of Safety and Danger Sharp Objects represent danger Smooth Objects represent safety

11. Assessment of Safety and Danger

12. Assessment of Strength and Weakness  Used silhouette thickness & line stylization as the independent variables  Hypothesized thicker silhouette would be mapped to an attribution of strength

13. Goal Directed Interaction Exploration

14. Goal Directed Interaction Way finding

15. Applications  CAD/CAM mechanical drawings and architecture  Computer Games  User Interfaces  Virtual Environments

16. References Davis, R. The fitness of names to drawings. British Journal of Psychology. 52:259-268. 1961. Duke D.J., Barnard P.J. et al. Rendering and Affect. Computer Graphics Forum. 22(3): 359 – 368. 2003. Halper N., Mellin, D.J., et al. Implicational rendering: Drawing on latent human knowledge. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. 2004. Medin D.L., Ross B. H., Markman A. B. Cognitive Psychology. Harcourt Publishers 2001.