1. 1 The Leader in Industrial Data Communication Solutions Training: Wireless Introduction

2. 2 Topics  Wireless Benefits & Industrial Challenges  Industrial Wireless Technology & Design  RF Layer  Data Layer  Application Layer

3. 3 Why use wireless?  Reduces cost of cable installation 1  Installation in a chemical plant: $50 per ft.  Installation in nuclear power plant: $2,000 per ft.  Reduces installation time  Eliminates trenching costs  Saves time (money) for processes that relocate  Mining operations  Drilling rigs 1Using PCs for Machine Condition Monitoring, Plant Engineering December 6, 2004

4. 4 Wireless communication through cooling tower walls PLC 5 Vibration SensorEthernet Cooling tower wall Cooling Tower Fans Power Plant Control Room Power Generation Application

5. 5 Why use wireless?  Eliminates leasing telephone lines  No reoccurring monthly charges  Saves $ Thousands per year  Better reliability (no service calls)  Communicating to (very) remote sites  No need for telephone service installation  Productivity improves as remote process is part of plant network  Cost effective data monitoring (e.g. EPA regulations)  Major benefit for utilities and SCADA systems

6. 6 Repeate r Master Slave Server Slave 12 Remote Pump Stations (serial PLCs) Primary Master Station Secondary Master Station Ethernet Serial Victor Valley Water Utility

7. 7 Why use wireless?  Communication to equipment on moving platforms  Cost effective and less maintenance than:  Slip rings, Cable reels, Festooning  Rails, Inductive tracks  All PLCs are part of plant network  Excellent solution for condition monitoring  Wireless provides new ways to improve productivity

8. 8 Control Room and Plant Floor Crane 1Crane 2Crane 3 Overhead Cranes Cranes travel over 500 feet Lots of obstructions (steel) High EMI/RFI Steel Mill Arc Furnace

9. 9 Why use wireless?  Portability  Plant network access where needed  Improves maintenance capabilities  Mobile HMI (e.g. MobileView)  Ideal for contractors (SIs) during start ups

10. 10 Industrial Wireless Challenges  Signal Propagation (range & coverage)  Interference  Data throughput (bandwidth)  Latency (data delay)  Environment  Security

11. 11 Levels (layers)

12. Section: RF Level

13. 13 RF Bands  Narrow band (VHF, UHF)  License required  Long range (excellent propagation)  Supports non line-of-sight  Low bandwidth (19.2 Kbps max)  License free spread spectrum  License free  Short, medium & long range technologies  Generally need line-of-sight  Medium to high bandwidth  Anyone can use: interference immunity VERY important 12.5 KHz Channel 400 MHz Frequency RF Power 500 MHz 26 MHz of bandwidth 902 MHz 928 MHz

14. 14 Technology – Spread Spectrum  Direct sequence (DSSS)  High data rates (54 Mbps+)  Low latency  802.11 technology  Short to medium range  Wide channels prone to crowding  Frequency hopping (FHSS)  Moderate data rates (.1 to 1Mbps)  More latency  Proprietary technologies  Long range (25+ miles)  Excellent interference immunity

15. 15 Spread Spectrum (Graphic)

16. 16 Distance & Throughput Note: RF speed is higher than actual throughput speed.

17. 17 Impact of RF Link Quality Degradation Note: Link quality can be degraded for many reasons including increasing RF noise or worsening LOS.

18. 18 RF Bands and LOS

19. 19 The Leader in Industrial Data Communication Solutions