2. Basics of Entomology Clyde S. Gorsuch Department of Entomology Clemson University

3. Good or Bad?? §Many are beneficial l Parasites l Predators l Pollinators §All others cause no damage

4. The Good and the Bad §“Good Guys” l Lady Beetles l Syrphid Flies l Lacewings l Predatory Thrips l Parasitic Wasps l Predatory Mites §“Bad Guys” l Japanese Beetles l Aphids l Thrips l Whiteflies l Caterpillars l Spider Mites

5. Classification §Kingdom (Animal or Plant) l Phylum l Class l Order l Family l Genus l Species Common name

6. Classification of the House Fly §Kingdom: Animal l Phylum: Arthropoda l Class: Insecta l Order: Diptera l Family: Muscidae l Genus: Musca l Species: domestica Common name: house fly

7. Common Names §Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea l corn earworm l tomato fruitworm l cotton bollworm

8. Insects: Good or Bad?? §~ 100,000 species in the continental U.S. §~ 1,000 present in yard at any one time §~ 150 - 3,000 may be pests

9. Arthropods: I §Class: Arachnida l spiders, mites, ticks l two body parts l four pairs of legs

10. Spider and Mite Body Parts cephalothorax abdomen

11. Arthropods: II §Class: Crustacea l sowbugs, pillbugs, crayfish l two body parts l five pairs of legs

12. Arthropods: III §Class: Insecta l bugs, beetles, flies, butterflies, etc. l three body parts head, thorax, abdomen l three pairs of legs l 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings

13. Insect Body Parts Head Thorax Abdomen

14. Non-Specialized Legs

15. Specialized Legs: Grasping

16. Specialized Legs: Digging

17. Specialized Legs: Jumping

18. Specialized Legs: Running

19. Wings §Strengthened by veins §May be bare, scaled, hairy §“ptera” = Greek “with wings” l Diptera = two-winged l Hemiptera = half-winged l Hymenoptera = membrane winged l Isoptera = equal wing

20. Wings

21. Mouthparts § Very important l Chewing l Piercing-Sucking § Damage symptoms reflect the type of mouthparts

22. Chewing §Includes the majority of the chewing insects l Most Beetles l Caterpillars l Grasshoppers l Katydids

23. Chewing §Physical removal of plant tissue l May be external l May be internal §Frass is usually present l Frass is sawdust-like excrement (“bug poop”)

24. Chewing §External feeding l Feeding on leaf surface l Physical removal of plant tissue l Old damage may resemble a spot l Frass may be present

25. Chewing §Internal Feeding l Leafminers l Old damage may produce a shothole l Should find frass

26. Piercing-Sucking §Thrips l Laceration of epidermis l Exuding sap is sucked up

27. Piercing-Sucking (Thrips) §May produce flecks or specks §May produce russeting §May produce dwarfing or savoying

28. Piercing-Sucking §Hemipterous Subtype l Chinch Bugs l Stink Bugs/Plant Bugs l Aphids l Scale Insects

29. Piercing-Sucking §Mite Subtype l Spider Mites, Eriophyid Mites, Cyclamen Mites

30. Piercing-Sucking §Mouthparts are needle-like §Entry hole very small §Symptoms highly variable

31. Piercing-Sucking Hemipterous Subtype §Symptoms l Yellowing l Flecks & Specks

32. Piercing-Sucking Hemipterous Subtype Mite Subtype §Symptoms l Gall formation (tumefactions)

33. Piercing-Sucking Mite Subtype §Symptoms l Bronzing l Curl l Dwarfing

34. Coleoptera (Beetles)

35. Demaptera (Earwigs)

36. Diptera (Flies)

37. Hemiptera (True Bugs)

38. Homoptera (scales, whiteflies, aphids)

39. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, horntails)

40. Lepidoptera § Butterflies § Moths § All caterpillars feed on plant material

41. Neuroptera (lacewings, etc.)

42. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, mantids)

43. Non-Insects (mites, ticks, spiders)

44. Questions? The End