1. Kelp Distribution and Biodiversity along the Pacific Coasts of North and South America Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging Matt Edwards – San Diego State University Jon Dykstra – MDA Federal Inc Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography

2. Project Objectives Cost-effective method of mapping and visualizing kelp canopies on a global basis Link kelp distributions with physical factors such as temperature, nitrogen concentrations, wave climate, daylength & solar irradiance Discriminate localized anthropogenic changes in kelp bed distributions from climate related effects

3. Year 2000 ETM+ Coverage

4. Data Availability ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/

5. Original ETM+ Imagery http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/kelp.pl

6. Visualization in Google Earth

7. San Juan Station

8. San Juan Station - Aerial

10. Macrocystis integrifolia

11. Macrocystis pyrifera

12. ETM+ - 49 haColor IR Photo - 39 ha Macrocystis pyrifera Macrocystis integrifolia Eisenia arborea

13. Kodiak Macrocystis Population

14. Winter 2002 - February

15. Summer/Fall 2002 - September

17. Winter 2002 - February

18. Kodiak Island SST Anomalies

19. Irradiance / Nutrient Relationship - Sitka (Stekoll, 1999)

20. Solar Irradiance June 1991 Kodiak – 182 W/m 2 Sitka – 255 W/m 2 GES DISC DAAC NASA/GISS

21. Northern Hemisphere Southern Boundary Baja California Peru / Chile & Argentina Namibia / South Africa Australia – Tasmanian population declines Subantarctic Islands – –Kerguelen Island – –Heard Island – –South Georgia Island

22. Baja Nitrogen Enrichment (Ladah, 2003)

23. Nitrate - Temperature

24. Macrocystis pyrifera Macrocystis integrifolia Eisenia cokeri = E. arborea ? = E. arborea ? Islas Desventuradas Islas Desventuradas

25. Eisenia galapagensis Type - 1934 December 2004

26. Eisenia cokeri Sechura Bay – 5.5 o S

27. Summer 2002 March

29. Winter 2002 July

30. SST - South Georgia Island April 1998October 1998

31. Summer 2002 March

32. South Georgia SST Anomalies

33. Subantarctic Islands Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence with the exception of South Georgia Island

34. SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & Heard April 1998October 1998 Heard Kerguelen

35. Heard Island SST Anomalies

36. Take Homes Google Earth is an ideal visualization tool for broad scale biodiversity data Northern range of Macrocystis in Alaska may be expanding Range of Eisenia galapagensis in Galapagos has contracted Northern range of Macrocystis in Peru has contracted Heard Island may be a useful habitat to look for climate change in the Southern Ocean