1. Barber

2. Why reference? References add credibility to your work and show that you have researched your topic References strengthen your argument and discussion References acknowledge sources and help in avoiding plagiarism References allow your reader to verify your research

3. When do I reference? Quote from a source. Summarise the ideas of someone. Copy a diagram, chart, picture. Paraphrase. (This is putting the ideas of another into your own words) When?

4. Cardiff University (2006) [Internet] Information literacy resource bank, Accessed 24/6/07, Available on

5. Plagiarism This is using someone else’s ideas and representing them as your own By learning to reference correctly you can avoid this Harris, R (2001), [Internet] The Plagiarism Handbook, Accessed 24 June 2007 Available from

7. Common Knowledge There is much information which is known by everyone. Sometimes it is specific to your field of study. Sometimes it is general information known by the wider community. You do not have to reference this.

8. Referencing systems There are many referencing systems. Two main systems used by school age students are: The Numerical System e.g. the Footnote system In text referencing e.g. The Harvard system

9. The Numerical system The numerical system uses footnotes, with a superscript immediately following the reference. The reference appears at the bottom of the page.

10. Advantages and disadvantages The advantage of this system is that the text is not cluttered. References do not affect a word count. But referencing can become confusing.........

11. Example of the numerical system The issue of asylum seekers and refugees is often dominant in our media. But I discovered that the word asylum has a long history with a favorable connontation.¹ ¹ Burnside, Julian. (2006.) Talking about asylum seekers. Wet ink Issue 3, Winter 2006, Page 15

12. Harvard Harvard uses a reference immediately following the quote, the summary etc This is called an ‘in text’ reference

13. Advantages and disadvantages It has the advantage of being neat and straightforward ……but it tends to clutter the text And In text references add to a word count

14. An example of Harvard The information given to me in my interview with Samuel Jones (2007) showed me clearly the techniques of charcoal drawing. Or It became obvious in 2006 that the captain and the vice captain were having communication difficulties (Paul 2007)

15. Online tutorial Harvard Go to the web site below and complete the online tutorial. https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/tutorial/activity.htm

16. Be consistent The trick about referencing is consistency. If you are using a numerical system do not change to Harvard. If you are using Harvard do not change to a numerical system. Information in a footnote and reference list must be ordered. Always keep the order the same (e.g. author, date, title, publisher, place. Universities publish their own specific guides which differ between institutions.

17. College guide We suggest that you all follow the guides given here When you leave school and if you undertake further study the institutions will give you their specific guides.

18. Activity Access the following website from Cardiff University and carry out the online tutorial https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/index.html

19. Bibliography or reference list? A bibliography includes all resources consulted in your assignment for the gathering of information whether you cited them or not. A reference list is only the resources you actually used and consequently cited (referenced). In most cases your teachers are actually asking you for a reference list.

20. The Bibliography or Reference List Appears at the end of your assignment. Resources are listed in alphabetical order of author. (or title of article, book, etc if no author). Do not divide the bibliography or reference list into different types of resource unless your teacher specifically asks you to do this.

21. Sample Bibliography - Harvard Art Gallery of South Australia,2007, Craft through the ages exhibition, Adelaide, March 4-24. Compass,2007, In the mind’s eye, Television program, SBS, Sydney, 4 May. Howell, J 2007 New times in store, Viewed 12 April 2008. Jones, T 2004, How humans think, Penguin, London. Walters, J et al, When only the best will do, Wakefield Press, Adelaide.

22. Appendices These are used to include material which is not essential to your text, but which adds to and supports it E.g. photos, tables, questionnaires, transcripts of interviews, articles etc. Appendices must appear in the Table of Contents if you are writing a report Appendices must be referred to in your work.

23. Reference order Minimal capitalization is needed – titles in italics Book Record the author’s surname & initials, Year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication. Book with no author Title of book, Year of publication, Place of Publication, Publisher. Encyclopedia Record the Title, Year of publication) Place of publication, Publisher, Date or volume number, page numbers

24. Internet – world wide web Record the author’s surname & initials, (if known), Year of publication, Title, Viewing date, E.g. Black J, 2000, The elephants are coming, Viewed 4 March 2008, If no author Title, Year of publication, Viewed +date,

25. Magazine article Record the author’s surname and initials, (Year of publication), Title of magazine, Date or volume number, page numbers. Personal communications – These may be letters, interviews, telephone conversations, SMS, discussions etc Refer to this in the text but do not add to the reference list. Ensure that you have obtained permissions first. Radio broadcast Leading with technology, 1999, [radio program], ABC Radio, Sydney, 2 March. Television program How do we live? 2003, [television program], ABC Television, Sydney, 8 May. Video Title of program, Year of publication, [Video], Place of publication, Publisher.

26. Further research The following website has excellent resources on referencing. https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/index.html