1. Class Sarcopterygii (coelacanths, lungfishes) lobed fins bony supports to tips of fins

2. SUPERCLASSAGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASSGNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

3. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) marine, deepwater species spiral valve intestine lobed fins homologous to tetrapod limbs discovered in 1938 by Margaret Latimer fossil forms in fresh, shallow waters Latimeria chalumnae

4. SUPERCLASSAGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASSGNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

5. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish)

6. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Dipnoi Order Lepidosireniformes (African, S. Am. lungfish)

7. Ceratodontiformes Lepidosireniformes (Australian) (S. American, African) body compressedcylindrical pectoral, pelvic fins flipper-likefilamentous scaleslargesmall gas bladder ("lung") unpairedpaired larvae no external gillswith external gills adults do not aestivateaestivate in dry season (both) bladelike, crushing dermal ‘teeth’

8. Class Actinopterygii 50 % of known fishes rayed fins swim bladder

9. SUPERCLASSAGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASSGNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

10. Birchir (Polypterus weeksi) ganoid scales and scutes (abbreviate) heterocercal tail skeleton largely cartilaginous intestine with spiral value reedfish - pelvics absent; bichirs - pelvics present

11. Acipenseriformes – paddlefish, sturgeon ganoid scales (and scutes) heterocercal tail skeleton largely cartilaginous intestine with spiral value

12. SUPERCLASSAGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASSGNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

13. Semionotiformes (Lepisosteiformes), Lepisosteidae ganoid scales abbreviated heterocercal tail intestine with spiral valve lung-like gas bladder longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

14. Amiiformes, Amiidae ganoid scales abbreviated heterocercal tail intestine with spiral value lung-like gas bladder bowfin (Amia calva)