1. Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware
Unit 7
Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware

2. Hand Tools
Essential for work in design, construction, maintenance, and repair

3. Classification of Tools
- Chisels and punches
- Screwdrivers
- Clamps
- Wrecking tools
- Digging tools
- Layout tools
- Saws
Boring tools
Hammers
Pliers
- Wrenches

4. Layout Tools Used to measure or mark materials Examples rules square
level
chalk line
tapes
plumb bob

5. Saws Used to cut wood or metal Examples crosscut saw ripsaw
dovetail saw
hacksaw
coping saw
bow saw

6. Boring Tools Used to make or change the size or shape of holes
Examples
drill bits
power/hand drills
countersink

7. Hammers
Rely on their weight and/or speed to move another tool or object
Examples
claw hammers
sledges
peen hammers
mallets

8. Pliers Used to grip wood, metal, plastic, and other materials Examples
slip joint pliers
linesman’s pliers
locking pliers

9. Wrenches Used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws Examples wrenches sockets
ratchets

10. Chisels and Punches
Used to cut or align materials as a result of being struck by a hammer
Examples
cold chisel
wood chisel
center punch

11. Screwdrivers Used to turn screws or other fasteners Examples
flat head screwdriver
Phillips head screwdriver
torx screwdrivers
nut drivers

12. Clamps Used to draw and hold objects together Examples C clamp
bar clamp
vise

13. Wrecking Tools Used to take apart existing structures and materials
Examples
pry bar
wrecking bar

14. Digging Tools Used to turn, loosen, or remove earth Examples shovel
mattock
hoe/trowel
rakes
posthole digger

15. Fasteners
Any device used to hold two or more pieces of material together or in place
Examples
nails
screws
nuts and bolts
washers

16. Nails Driven into the material to be held Classified by use or form
Length measured by the “penny”
Generally made of steel or aluminum

17. Types of Nails Common—construction Cut—tongue-and-groove flooring
Box—light household construction
Finishing—interior finishing
Shingle—nailing wood and shingles
Roofing—rolled roofing and composition shingles
Plasterboard—attach plasterboard to studs
Hinge—fasten hinges on doors and cabinets
Duplex—construction of concrete forms or electric fencing insulators on wooden posts
Wire staple—wire fence construction
Lead head—galvanized steel roofing and siding

18. Screws Fastener with threads that bite into the material it fastens
Classified according to the material to be held, the metal they are made from, the shape of the head, or the type of tool needed to turn them
Size specified by the diameter and length of shank

19. Bolts Fastener used with a threaded nut
Usually straight with a round, square, or hex head
Examples
machine bolt
cap screw
stove bolt
plow bolt
carriage bolt

20. Important Terms Tool: instrument used in doing work
Hand tool: powered by hand
Power tool: operated by a power source other than human power
Laminate: two or more flat pieces fastened together with an adhesive
Adhesive: sticky substance
Diameter: distance across the center of a round object
Shank: long stem part of a nail or screw

21. Important Terms (continued)
Head: enlarged top of a fastener
Galvanized: coated with zinc
Washer: flat disk with a hole in the center
Hardware: special fasteners
Hinge: pivots and permits a door or other object to swing back and forth/up and down
Gussets: used to reinforce joints in wood and metal
Flush plates: used to strengthen corners of frames and doors