1. Synthesis Gillian R. Foulger

2. Post-meeting books? 1.Book of review articles –Chemical Geology (Elsevier) 2.AGU monograph –Book of regular papers

3. Everyone is invited to contribute to www.mantleplumes.org

4. Key points 1 1.Alternatives do not amount to a single, generic, one-size fits all replacement model for plume –generic elements, but each locality individual, e.g., OJP, Hawaii, Azores

5. Key points 2 Consistent terminology imperative –Use of properly defined/explained terms. –It isn’t enough to just say “plume” –Problem of falsification

6. Key points 3 ~ 1,000-km-wide magmatism - predicted by both? Time-progressive track - predicted by both? Uplift. Domal? - complex pattern predicted by both? Temperature - necessary? CMB origin - detectable?

7. Key points 4 Opinion of relationship between plate tectonics & plumes.

8. Key points 5 Problems with publications: –Standard of interpretations (cart before horse) –Repetition of old, wrong data e.g. ages, temperatures.

9. Important problems 1 Mantle physics –Self-consistent models that can produce plate tectonics required. –Better understanding of critical mantle physical parameters, e.g. CMB heat flow, LM viscosity –How important is small- scale convection? Lithosphere physics –Behaviour of lithosphere when major thermal event occurs - plume, delamination, rifting, meteorite? –Response of lithosphere to stress - cracking? –Characterise lithospheric stress –What causes rifting?

10. Important problems 2 Temperature –Petrological temperatures –Phase equilibrium of CO2-bearing systems –Melting at all depths –other geothermometry methods e.g. seismological Geochronology –More high-quality dates –Re-date important chains where old dates inadequate. –LIP ages. Can we be more specific?

11. Important problems 3 Seismology –Interpreting mantle seismic anomalies in the mantle and D” - hot? cool? buoyant? dense? –Very wide seismic tomography? –Transfer of material between UM & LM? –Are innovative high- resolution experiments feasible? Planetary –Sort out Venus. –Look for meteorite evidence in geology.

12. Important problems 4 Field evidence –Make diagnostic observations, e.g., uplift?? temperature, mantle structure. –Potential plume localities? –Can we distinguish cause and effect, e.g. rifting & volcanism? –Address problems of the Emperor-Hawaii system. Petrology & Geochemistry –Improved melt generation models needed –Melting: high-P trace- element partition coefficients needed –Where/what is/are the OIB sources?