1. Terrorism

2. “Freedom and fear are at war…Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.”
President George W. Bush 20 September, 2001

4. Terrorism Is an unlawful act of violence
Intimidates governments or societies
Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives
FEAR!

5. “…warfare seeks to conquer territories and capture cities; terrorism seeks to hurt a few people and to scare a lot of people in order to make a point” NYTimes, 1/6/2000

6. Early History of Terrorism
Terror has been used to achieve political ends and has a long history.

7. Types of Terrorism Terrorism can be either domestic or international.
Nationalist
Religious
State-sponsored
Left-wing
Right-wing
Anarchist
Terrorism can be either domestic or international.

9. Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation
5 years
Terrorism takes much time and planning
Execution: 1 day
Diagnosed case: 3 days
First Deaths Occur

10. Methods of Terrorism Nuclear Weapon Biological Agents Chemical Agents
Explosive and Incendiary Devices

11. Nuclear Terrorism
Spreading of radioactive materials through ventilation system or explosion
Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and cause leakage of radioactive materials
Detonate a nuclear weapon

12. Biological Terrorism
Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror
The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages.
Microbes
Bacteria
Viruses
Toxins

13. Biological Terrorism: Is This Something New?
14th Century – Kaffa
City on Crimean Peninsula
Hurled plague infested corpses over walls of city to infest it.

14. Biological Terrorism: Is This Something New?
18th Century French and Indian War
British Officers gave blankets from smallpox victims to Indians aligned with French
Caused an epidemic in tribes
Effective means of incapacitating group

15. Example of Chemical Terrorism
Sarin nerve agent attacked the Tokyo subway system in March 20, 1995
12 people were killed and 53 were seriously injured

16. Proportion of death from terrorism in total death in the United States
Average death per year
From terrorism
From all causes
Proportion (%)
1990’s 8
0.0003
2001
2893
0.12

19. Why did terrorism draw considerable attention in 2001?
The risk of dying from terrorism was extremely low in 1990’s, and was still relatively low compared with some diseases in 2001
But the risk increased by 500 times in 2001 due to Sept. 11
Overall the risk of terrorism has not been high
Despite the low risk, shock, surprise and fear engulfed our country and world

21. U.S. Counterterrorism Policy
First, make no concessions to terrorists and strike no deals.
Second, bring terrorists to justice for their crimes.
Third, isolate and apply pressure on states that sponsor terrorism to force them to change their behavior.
Fourth, bolster the counterterrorism capabilities of those countries that work with the U.S. and require assistance.

23. Terrorism in the Future
Could be higher levels of violence.
Although technology aids in the defense against terrorism, it also provides terrorists with increased opportunities.
Chemical weapons
Weapons of mass destruction

24. Conclusion Terrorism is a unlawful act meant to provoke FEAR!
Terrorism has a long history of been used to achieve political, religious and ideological objectives
Terrorism can be conducted through nuclear, biological, chemical agents and explosive devices
The risk of dying from terrorism is much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.

26. Terrorist attacks since 9/11