1. Early Lumbee History

2. Lumbee Origins There are many theories regarding the origins of the Lumbee Indians of NC When the Scots first arrived to the Cape Fear Valley region in the early 1730s, they found a group of English-speaking Indians living near the Lumbee River

3. Lumbee Origins According to the Scots, these Indians lived in simple houses and farmed and lived like Europeans. Where did these English- speaking Indians come from?

4. Lumbee Origins The Lumbee have no Indian language that links them to an American Indian tribe Oral traditions and folklore link them to the survivors of the Lost Colony and other Indian tribes. The Red Men’s Lodge of the early 1900's

5. The “Lost Colony” Theory Some historians theorize that the Lumbee are decedents of the intermarriage between survivors of the John White’s “Lost Colony” and the Hatteras Indians of the NC coast. John White’s Illustrations of the Hatteras Indians

6. The “Lost Colony” Theory Many common Lumbee names are the same names that appeared on the Lost Colony roll, such as Sampson, Brooks, Cooper, Sutton, Berry, Scott, and Harris Many Lumbees, up until the mid-1900s, spoke a pure Old-English, similar that that spoken by the members of the “Lost Colony.” Many Lumbees have European physical characteristics Historians look to the following characteristics in linking the Lumbee to the “Lost Colony”:

7. Other Theories Some historians believe that the Lumbee are descendents of other American Indian tribes such as the Cherokee, the Tuscarora, and the Eastern Sioux (tribes such as the Cheraw, Winyah, Keyauwee, Santee, Pee Dee, and Waccamaw) It is likely that the Lumbee are descendents of peoples from many tribes of North Carolina, who moved to Robeson County to enjoy the isolation provided by the swamps of the Lumbee River.

8. The Lumbee River Indians along the Lumbee River enjoyed a life of seclusion and self-sufficiency The swamps gave the protection from enemies, plenty of fish and game, as well as fertile land to grow crops. The Indian remained in isolation throughout the 1600s. This began to change in the 1700s with the coming of European settlers, who were looking to claim land

9. Europeans Come to Lumbee Land In the 1700s, European settlers began to claim land along the Lumbee River Because of Lumbees had many traits of European culture, relations with the settlers was very peaceful Some Lumbees even fought on the side of the Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. The Lumbees were accepted as free men in North Carolina until 1835… then the status of the Indians changed and a hero emerged