1. Chapter 3 States of Matter

2. Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
What is matter?
Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
Basic definition of matter.

3. 3.1 Solid, Liquid and Gas View video

4. What type of change does matter undergo?
All matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes.
These changes can be microscopic or macroscopic.

6. Liquid A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in.
MOLECULES are close together but they flow past one another.
Molecules ARE IN motion.

7. Solid MOLECULES have a strong bond (attraction) between them.
Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been tightly packed together. Hold their shape.
Molecules ARE IN motion.

8. Gas Gas is everywhere in random groups of atoms.
Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. Liquids can only fill the bottom of the container while gases can fill it entirely.
Molecules ARE IN motion.

9. Plasma 99% of all matter in the universe is made of plasma.
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees.

10. Plasma Particles
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).

11. Lightening
More Plasma!
Fluorescent Tube
Northern Lights
Neon Lights

12. Change in State Graph
Change phase video clip

13. Kinetic Theory
The molecules are in constant, random motion and frequently collide with each other and with the walls of any container.

14. Basis of Classification of the Four Types
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
If you can understand this concept, then you are in great shape!!
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.

15. 3.3 Phase Changes

16. Properties of Matter

17. Phase Change
A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.

18. CHANGES
Water can change from one state to another by adding or subtracting heat.
A solid changes to a liquid when heat is added.
ENDOTHERMIC

19. A liquid changes to a solid when you take away heat, or it gets colder.
EXOTHERMIC

20. Look at distance of particles

21. Review - Phase Change
Notice as matter moves to the next phase more energy is needed.
What do you predict must happen to go in the other direction?

22. Heat of Fusion EXAMPLE Another word for melting. DEFINITION
Amount of heat energy which must be absorbed or lost to turn a solid into a liquid.
Another word for melting.
EXAMPLE

23. Heat of Vaporization EXAMPLE The opposite of condensation. DEFINITION
The amount of heat energy a liquid must absorb to be converted from a liquid to a gas.
The opposite of condensation.
EXAMPLE

24. Evaporation EXAMPLE DEFINITION
The phase change of a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below it’s boiling point.
EXAMPLE

25. Condensation DEFINITION
The phase change of a substance from a gas or vapor to a liquid.
EXAMPLE

26. Sublimation DEFINITION
The phase change of state from a solid to gas or vapor.
Note: It skips the liquid stage.
EXAMPLE

27. Deposition DEFINITION
The phase change of state from a gas or vapor to solid.
Note: It skips the liquid stage.
EXAMPLE

28. You will be given a blank piece of paper to draw…..
Upcoming Quiz!!!
You will be given a blank piece of paper to draw…..

29. Calories are a form of energy

30. Why is there a flat line on the graph where the phase change occurs?

31. Notice the force between particles.

32. Key Concept!!!!! None Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Temperature Change During Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
None
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

33. This is the End of Today’s Lecture

34. Identify the colored arrows