1. Psi Beta’s National Research Projects Jerry Rudmann, PhD Executive Director July 1, 2013

2. Agenda I. Purpose of the National Research Project Additional incentives for participation II. Historical Overview III. Schedule A. Pilot during spring 2008 B. Begin major study fall 2008 through June 2009 IV. Eligibility requirements V. Variables A. Shyness B. Academic and social integration of first semester college students C. Personality factors VI. Hypotheses VII. Instruments, informed consent form, script VIII. Beginning reference list IX. Closing

3. Purpose of Psi Beta’s National Research Project The mission of Psi Beta Honor Society is to promote professional development of psychology students in two-year colleges through promotion and recognition of excellence in scholarship, leadership, research, and community service. ~Psi Beta National Council, June 9, 1996~

4. Purpose of Psi Beta’s National Research Project research The mission of Psi Beta Honor Society is to promote professional development of psychology students in two-year colleges through promotion and recognition of excellence in scholarship, leadership, research, and community service. ~Psi Beta National Council, June 9, 1996~

5. Additional Incentives for Chapters To further investigate important topics: e.g., shyness, mobile phone addiction To partner with cutting edge researchers at leading research universities Research partnership with Psi Chi Assist with assessment component of chapter service projects Peer mentoring, campus connectedness, developing a growth mindset, inoculation against stereotype threat, etc. Poster presentations at conferences

6. Historical Overview of the Psi Beta National Research Project YearTopicMeasuresChaptersN 2008-09ShynessShyness Scale, Shyness Inventory, Big 5 4181 2009-10HappinessAppreciation, Gratitude, Subjective Happiness Scale, Self-Esteem, Optimism, Satisfaction with Life 8482 2010-11College Connectedness Shyness Scale, Campus Connectedness 12918 2011-12Mobile Phone UseBig 5, Self-Esteem, Cell Phone Addiction scale, Leisure-Boredom Scale 13741 2012-13International Situations Project Riverside Situational Q-Sort Riverside Behavioral Q-Sort 8501

7. Chapter Participation Requirements IRB approval Chapter required to submit complete data on at least 30 participants

8. Selected Findings from Past National Research Projects

10. Shyness Consider yourself to be a shy person? 43% If not shy now, were you ever shy? 67% If shy, has shyness ever been a personal problem for you? – Often 38% – Sometimes 27%

11. Some Correlations Connectedness and shyness are not related Shyness is inversely related to Extroversion (r = -0.62**) Shyness is positively related to Neuroticism (r = 0.50**)

12. Types of people who elicit shyness For shy people, shyness producing others Strangers76% People of the opposite sex (group or one-on-one)49% Authorities (by virtue of their expertise)47% Authorities (by virtue of their role – police, teachers, etc.)37% Foreigners28% Relatives, elderly people (tie)25% Persons of the same sex14% Parents12% Friends, Siblings6%

13. Some ways shyness has created problems in participants’ personal lives Meeting new people 75% Dating 61% Establishing intimate relationships 41% Developing friendships 40%

14. How shyness has created problems in participants’ educational lives Speaking up in class 70 Giving a presentation to the class 68 Asking questions during class 52 Seeking help from teachers outside the classroom 47 Making friends with classmates 43 Participating in group discussions/projects 34 Participating in student organizations 31

15. Actions taken to overcome shyness: Tried to change the way I think about myself 59 Tried to go out to meet people 53 Tried to make conversation with people I don’t know but would like to know 51 Changed my physical appearance 26 Served as a volunteer 23 Joined a fitness or recreation club 21 Visited Internet chat rooms and/or discussion groups 16 Consumed alcohol or illegal drug / tied with individual therapy / tied with self-help books 14

16. Development of a College Connectedness Scale 13 items having to do with connectedness – To what extent do you… feel connected with new friends at this college? come to this college for reasons other than classes (e.g., to socialize, use the library, study)? feel proud to be a student at this college? feel you would recommend this college to a friend? Feel connected to this college?

17. To what extent do you feel connected to this college? 1 Not at All 234567 Very Much 9.622.620.918.613.08.56.6

18. Exploratory factor analysis of connectedness questions Principal Component Analysis, Promax with Kaiser Normalization Factors 1. Pride/satisfaction with the college (4 items) 2. Connected to friends/activities (5 items) 3. Familiarity with college staff (instructor, staff, and/or administrator – 2 items) 4. Study group involvement, interest (2 items)

19. Thank you for attending!!!