1. Vietnam War Anti-War Protests; Living Room War; War’s End

2.  Escalation of troops in-country – 1960’s

3. Anti War Demonstrations  Columbia University, 1967

5. $@** No, We Won’t Go!

6. Anti- War Demonstrations Democratic Convention Chicago, 1968 Student Protestors Univ. of CA - Berkeley, 1968

7. Anti-War Demonstrations  May 4, 1970  National Guard called  4 students shot dead – 2 were not protesters  11 students wounded Kent State University Jackson State University  An all-black college  May 10, 1970  2 dead; 12 wounded

10. Living Room War  Vietnam was America’s first media war.  From 1968-1975, media had unlimited access to military personnel and targets.  The media covered the protests and riots more than the military troops in harms way.

11. Living Room War  Due to the amount of video sent back to the US, Americans got photos of the carnage and consequences.  This led to a decline in  American morale and  support of the war.

12. Paris Peace Accords, 1973 Cease fire would begin Jan 27, 1973. 1. US troops and non-Vietnamese soldiers would leave South Vietnam. 2. SV, Viet Cong to decide on the type of government they want. 3. US POWs would be released. 4. Goal was re-unification of Vietnam

13. End of the War  Last American troops left South Vietnam on March 29, 1973  1975: North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam.  Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City

14. Fall of Saigon South Vietnamese Attempt to Flee the Country

15. Fall of Saigon America Abandons Its Embassy April 30, 1975

17.  North Vietnamese at the Presidential Palace

18. The Costs 1. 3,000,000 Vietnamese killed 2. 58,000 Americans killed; 300,000 wounded 3. Under-funding of Great Society programs 4. $150,000,000,000 in U.S. spending 5. U.S. morale, self-confidence, trust of government, decimated

19. War Powers Act, 1973  President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying military force  President must withdraw forces unless he gains Congressional approval within 90 days

20. And in the end… If we have to fight, we will fight. You will kill ten of our men and we will kill one of yours, and in the end it will be you who tires of it. Ho Chi Minh:

21. Lessons for Future Presidents  Wars must be of short duration. 1. Wars must yield few American casualties. 2. Restrict media access to battlefields. 3. Develop and maintain Congressional and public support. 4. Set clear, winnable goals. 5. Set deadline for troop withdrawals.

22. Interesting Facts  Average age of a Vietnam soldier was 22, not 19 as is widely believed.  There were 9 million active duty military during the active war years of 1964-1973. 2 million served in Vietnam.  Only one-third of all soldiers who served were drafted.  91% of Vietnam vets are glad they served; 74% would do it again, even knowing the outcome.  As of January, 2004, there are still 1,875 soldiers still unaccounted for (MIA)  In the 1995 Census, 9 million Americans claimed to be Vietnam vets; however, in the 2000 Census, the actual survivor number is just over 1 million! So much for being baby-killers!

23. Vietnam Memorial in DC

24. Vietnam War Women’s Memorial