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Nutrition
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Nutrition Definition The process by which the body takes in and uses food Benefits Gives you energy Helps you to stay mentally alert Helps prevent chronic disease
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Nutrients Definition Substances in food that your body needs to function properly to grow, repair itself, and supply you with energy. 6 Basic Nutrients Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water
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Hunger VS. Appetite Hunger Appetite
Natural drive that protects you from starvation Inborn response Appetite Desire, rather than a need, to eat Learned response
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Nutrition - FYI Top 3 ways in which food is advertised to the public
Television Magazines Billboards Top 2 factors that influence food shopping decisions Taste Nutrition Top 2 types of foods that people choose today Microwavable Convenience
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Starches and sugars found in foods
Carbohydrates Definition Starches and sugars found in foods Types Simple Carbohydrates: sugars, present naturally in fruits, some vegetables and milk Complex Carbohydrates: Starches, found in rice and other grains, seeds, and nuts
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Glucose: simple sugar and the body’s chief fuel
Carbohydrates Related Terms Glucose: simple sugar and the body’s chief fuel Glycogen: glucose that is not used right away and is stored in the liver and muscles Fiber: found in tough stringy part of vegetables, fruits, and grains. Cannot be digested
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Proteins Definition Nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues. Types Complete Proteins: foods that contain all the essential amino acids that the body needs and in the proper amounts Incomplete Proteins: Foods that lack some of the essential amino acids
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Proteins Related Terms
Amino Acids: substances that make up body proteins. There are a total of 20 Essential Amino Acids: amino acids that must come from the foods you eat. Your body does not make them. 9 of the 20 are essential
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Fats Definition Your body needs fat. Fats represent the most concentrated form of energy available Types Saturated Fats: animal fats and tropical oils Unsaturated Fats: vegetable fats including olive oil and canola oil
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Fats Related Terms Linoleic Acid: fatty acid not made in the body but which is essential for growth and healthy skin Cholesterol: fatlike substance produced in the liver of all animals and therefore found only in foods of animal origin
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vitamins Definition Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients Types Water Soluble: not stored in the body, include vitamin C and vitamins in the B complex Fat Soluble: stored in the body’s fat tissue, include vitamins A, D, E, and K
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Minerals Definition Inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture but that act as catalysts, regulating many vital body processes 3 functions of calcium Gives structure to bones 2. Helps develop & maintain bone strength 3. Aids in blood clotting
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The nutrient that makes up 60% of your body. You need 6-8 cups a day.
Water Definition The nutrient that makes up 60% of your body. You need 6-8 cups a day. 3 functions of water Carries nutrients to and transports waste from cells Lubricates joints and mucous membranes Enables you to swallow and digest foods
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Reading Food Labels Labels Include: Serving size
Calories (calories from fat) Nutrients Percent Daily Values
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Food Label Lingo If the Label Says: It Means:
Fat Free Less than 0.5 grams of fat Lean Less than 10 grams of fat Light At least 1/3 fewer calories or no more than 1/2 the fat of the regular product
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