1. 1 Computing Fundamantals With thanks to Laudon & Laudon Session 2

2. 2 Objectives

3. 3 Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure Hardware Components of a Computer System

4. 4 Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure Bits and Bytes

5. 5 Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure The CPU and Primary Storage

6. 6 Categories of Computers and Computer Systems Client/Server Computing

7. 7 Types of Software Software program: A series of statements or instructions to the computer Two major types of software: System software and application software System software: Generalized programs that manage the computer’s resources Application software: Programs written for or by users to perform a specific task

8. 8 Types of Software The Major Types of Software

9. 9 Multiprogramming: Concurrent use of CPU by multiple programs Virtual storage: Breaks programs into smaller portions to read as needed Time-sharing: Allows many users to share CPU time Multi-processing: Links two or more CPUs to work in parallel in single computer system Operating System Capabilities

10. 10 Types of Software Software written for one OS generally cannot run on another Graphical User Interface (GUI): Dominant model for user interface for operating systems and applications PC Operating Systems

11. 11 Windows XP Windows 2000 Windows Server 2003 Windows 98/ME Windows CE Unix Linux Mac OS DOS Types of Software Leading PC Operating Systems

12. 12 Types of Software Should a company select Linux as an operating system for its major business applications? What are the management benefits Linux provides? What are the business as well as the technology issues that should be addressed when making that decision? The Case for Linux

13. 13 Combine data and methods (procedures) into one object Objects are independent, reusable building blocks Based on concepts of class and inheritance Types of Software Object-Oriented Programming

14. 14 Types of Software Class and Inheritance

15. 15 Object-oriented Platform-independent Robust; handles data, graphics, video, sound Can create “applets”; often used on Web Java applications tend to run slower than “native” programs Types of Software Java

16. 16 Presentation graphics: Create professional-quality graphics and multimedia presentations Integrated Software Packages and Suites: Combine two or more applications; easy data transfer E-mail software: Computer exchange of messages Web browsers: Access and display Web, Internet resources Groupware: Support activities of workgroups Types of Software Application Software Packages and Productivity Software

17. 17 Types of Software Enterprise software: Integrates multiple business processes Legacy system: System in place for long time Middleware: Software that connects two disparate systems Enterprise application integration (EAI) software: Middleware to create hub connecting applications and application clusters Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

18. 18 Types of Software Web services: Universal standards using Internet technology for exchanging data between systems Web server: Manages requests for Web pages on computer where they are stored Application server: Middleware software handling application operations between user and back-end business systems Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

19. 19 Types of Software A multitiered architecture for e- commerce and e-business

20. 20 Capacity planning: Process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated Scalability: Ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a larger number of users without breaking down Managing Hardware and Software Assets Hardware Technology Requirements

21. 21 Includes both direct and indirect costs Hardware and software acquisitions account for only 20% of TCO TCO for a PC may run to three times original purchase price Hidden costs can make distributed architecture more expensive than centralized mainframes Managing Hardware and Software Assets Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Technology Assets

22. 22 Hardware acquisition Software acquisition Installation Training Support Maintenance Infrastructure Downtime Space and energy Managing Hardware and Software Assets Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Cost Components