1. 3.042 Materials Project Laboratory Project Concept and Plan Team No-Drip Tania Chan Michele Dufalla Jacqueline Greene

2. According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_who.htm 2-3 million children < 5 yrs old die of diarrhea diseases Water sources: Surface water sources such as rivers or lakes Groundwater wells that are potentially contaminated, particularly open shallow wells Piped systems in which the water is inadequately treated or flow is intermittent, allowing contamination through leaks where pipes are connected Piped water systems in which intermittent flow requires households to store water Water tankers Water vendors whose source of water is not safe or whose tanker or storage tank is not likely to be clean The Problem of Water Contamination

3. Lack of access to safe water Population shifts stress water & sanitation infrastructure due to natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc. Chlorine effectively inactivates the majority of organisms that cause diarrhea disease in humans Safe containers for storing water an issue; need cheaper taps to use for variety of storage canisters

4. CDC safe water vessel Produce in South Africa US $2.50 To purchase & ship to Zambia from South Africa, costs US $5 In India costs US$2 to produce & ship within country To make vessels locally, molds for vessel, spigot, & cap US $15,000

5. Dynamite Fast Tap Quart Bottle Spout $4.95 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0006O4YT8/ref=nosim?s=merchant&m=A1KQ8Q5LL5HU6M&v=gl ance&tag=nextag-toys-mp-20&camp=212325&creative=380341 Commercially Available Water Taps

6. Tap ‘n Glue Dispenser Cap with Spring-Loaded Stopper $1.49 http://www.nextag.com/Tap-n-Glue-Dispenser-80480611/prices-html Commercially Available Water Taps

7. Wood Tap $4.95 starting bid http://auctions.yahoo.com/i:vintage%20all%20wood%20barrel%20tap%207%201%2F4%20inchs%20lon g%20W165:100136129 Commercially Available Water Taps

8. Spigot $4.00 http://www.baproducts.com/spigot.jpg Commercially Available Water Taps

9. http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_34women.jpg Water Containers at Various Countries

10. http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_32_R.jpg Water Containers at Various Countries

11. http://www.antiques-internet.com/colorado/eronjohnsonantiques/images/IG1629-0.jpghttp://www.antiques-internet.com/colorado/eronjohnsonantiques/images/IG1629-0.jpg, www.wine- making.co.za/Vessels.aspx, www.forthehorseofcourse.com/stall-stable.shtmlwww.wine- making.co.za/Vessels.aspxwww.forthehorseofcourse.com/stall-stable.shtml Water Containers at Various Countries

12. 18 Countries in Africa 12 Countries in Asia 2 Countries in Central America 3 Countries in South America Target Countries of Low Cost Water Taps http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_where.htm

13. Consideration Criteria Low Raw Material Cost Availability of Materials in Local Areas Low Processing Cost Ease of Processing Durability Ease of Use Materials Consideration

14. Clay Natural Materials http://www.phildyson.com.au/Clay%20rich%20sand%20and%20gravel%2018%20-%2028%20metres.JPG

15. Plants Materials Natural Materials www.bakewell-trees.org/gallery/bark/

16. Animal Bones Natural Materials http://www.planetozkids.com/oban/animals/environment.htm

17. Plastics Synthetic Recyclable Materials http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/bags/img/garbage.jpg http://www.hat.net/album/middle_east/004_egypt/day_44_bahariyya/033_garbage_of_plastic_bottle.jpg

18. Motor Oil Synthetic Recyclable Materials http://www.backyardmetalcastingcom

19. Consideration Criteria Versatility, suitable for multiple types of water containers Tight fit, no leakage Durability Ease of Usage Tap Attachment Method

20. Conical Seals Tap Attachment http://www.vending.sk/pict_sklad/107A0101A.JPG

21. Threaded Screw Spigot Tap Attachment

22. Tubing Tap Attachment www.tgiltd.com/Tube.jpg

23. Major Tasks Materials Selection -economics, availability Materials Testing -durability, processibility Device Design -versatility, user-friendliness Device Fabrication -feasibility, ease of use, tools needed Designing a Low Cost Water Tap

24. Questions?